EMERGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS

1. EMERGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS Session 9 Short Course for ECO Interns, EPA and Partners

2. Scale and Boundary Definition Session Goals • Scale and net benefits • Timescales

3. Scale and Net Benefits • Product

4. Scale and Net Benefits • Product

5. Scale and Net Benefits • State/ Regional

6. Scale and Net Benefits • Sub-process

7. Scale and Net Benefits • Adding larger scale items into evaluation

8. Net benefits Multi-scalar Person Economy US Planet Earth Scale and Net Benefits • Clinton tax credit • for high MPG cars, 1998 • sej/yr • CO2 avoided 6.15E14 • Gas saved 3.40E15 • $ not in circulation 4.40E14 • $ from tax credit 3.60E15 1 3 Benefit/Deficit Person: 3 + 4 = 4.04E15 Economy: 4 – 3 = 3.16E15 National Security: 1 + 2 – 4 = 4.10E14 Global: 1 + 2 = 4.01E15 2 No Credit 4 With Credit

9. Scale and Net Benefits • Geographic versus political • Watershed versus state or county • Environment difficult to manage from political • Data difficult to obtain for watersheds

10. Time Scales • Short term versus long, human versus geologic • Economy evaluated annually • Renewables evaluated using long term averages • Information turnover: 2-3 months? • Cultural information: 15 – 1000 years? • Watersheds: same as dominant ecosystem? • Watersheds: same as average rain cycle? • Watersheds: same as geologic cycle?

11. Time Scales • Cumulative versus single event • Annual flows are “snapshots” • Average flows need to encompass appropriate time period • Cumulative evaluations best used for impacts • Cumulative may be better represented by simulation