Bell Ringer

1. Bell Ringer • Melanie has two job offers. One job pays $10 an hour and will allow her to work 40 hours a week. The other job pays $8 an hour and also requires a 40-hour work week. However, the second job also pays bonuses based on sales. The other salespersons told Melanie they average about $200 a week in bonuses. Which job will likely pay the most money per week?

2. Bell Ringer Answer • $10 * 40 hours = $400 • $8 * 40 hours = $320 + $200 weekly bonus = $520.

3. Fashion Tip of the Day Check the Rise On trousers, the distance between the crotch and the waistband is critical to the fit. It's also not something that's easily altered, so make sure pants are neither too snug nor droopy in this area before you buy them.

4. Table of Contents Topic Page # Fashion Through the Ages Sketches 12 Chapter 1 Notes. History of Fashion 13 Identifying Target Markets 14 Chapter 2 Notes. Marketing Basics 15 Functions of Marketing 16 Chapter 2 Notes. Functions of Marketing 17 Secondary Markets Graphic Organizer 18 Chapter 3 Notes. Fashion Businesses 19 Math in Fashion 20 Chapter 3 Notes. Globalization in Fashion 21 Chapter 4 Notes. Design Centers 22

5. Math in Fashion Chapter 4 Notes. Design Centers. • Notes • Notes • Notes • Notes 20 23

6. Learning Objectives • Describe a fashion design center • Define a buying center. • Explain how design and buying centers impact local economies. • Identify the most important design and buying centers.

7. Vocabulary • Design Center • Fashion Weeks • Haute Couture • Couturiers • Buying Center • Market Weeks • Mart

8. What is a Design Center? • Design Center – a district in a city where fashion design and production firms are clustered together.

9. What is a Design Center? • Design centers host important fashion shows during fashion weeks • Fashion Weeks - periods during each year when fashion designers present new designs or collections. • Twice a year, featuring spring-summer and fall-winter lines.

10. International Design Centers • Paris, France • Milan, Italy • London, France • Tokyo, Japan

11. Design Center: Paris • Since the 1700’s, the city of Paris has remained the center of the fashion world. • Haute Couture - high fashion, which is expensive, trend-setting, custom-made apparel. • Couturiers - Professional fashion designers involved in designing, making, and selling high fashion. • Coco Chanel, Yves St. Laurent

12. Design Centers: Paris • Designers showcase their latest high-fashion creations in extravagant fashion shows. • The average consumer would probably not wear this expensive clothing. • People who attend these shows range from fashion writers, editors, celebrities to apparel manufacturers, retail buyers, and patternmakers from around the world.

13. Design Centers: Paris • The attendees acquire ideas to take back to their companies and then translate the ideas into fashions that their target customers will purchase and wear.

14. Design Centers: Paris • Paris is often the first choice of top designers from other countries as a place to show collections. • Fashion is one of the top three exports for France. • Fashion is also one of the top employers in France.

15. Design Centers: London • London was originally known for men’s business-suit class styles, but now they focus on high-quality, ready-to-wear garments.

16. Design Center: Tokyo • After World War II, Japanese women because interested in adopting western styles primarily from Paris. • Designers from Japan continue to influence western fashion with their colors, asymmetrical balance, unusual shapes, and use of fibers.

17. Design Centers: Milan • Designers in Milan concentrate primarily on ready-to-wear garments. • Italian fashion is known for its beautiful fabrics and sophisticated prints. • Milan began with making leather goods, and the Milan fashion center is still the leader in the production of leather accessories, such as shoes and handbags.

18. United States Design Centers • New York City • Considered the 5th design center of the world • Los Angeles • Dallas

19. Design Center: New York City • During World War II, the American fashion industry was isolated, unable to receive much European design influence. • New York City emerged as the main fashion design center, primarily because of the concentration of supplies and labor there. • Two-thirds of US fashion manufacturing is located in New York. • Eight schools dedicated to fashion. • NYC apparel factories products 18% of women’s outerwear and 28% of all dresses in the United States.

20. Design Center: New York City • Fashion Week shows are held twice a year at Bryant Park in Manhattan. • Over 50 shows are staged each year.

21. Design Center: Los Angeles • Located in the heart of downtown, the design center of Los Angeles houses the largest concentration of fashion-related businesses in the western United States. • Designers, wholesalers, retailers, sewing contractors, patternmakers, manufacturers, market centers, and apparel marts all exist in an 82-block business district. • Fashion and apparel is one of California’s leading employers.

22. Design Center: Los Angeles • Women’s apparel is the main component of this industry with a focus on young women’s moderately priced sportswear. • Known for innovative styling in sportswear, surf wear, and Hollywood-style evening wear.

23. Design Center: Dallas • Produces moderately priced apparel lines. • Men’s and boy’s clothes – shirts, trousers, jeans, and neckties. • 36% of apparel manufacturing is in Texas.

24. Buying Center • Buying Center – a central district in a city where fashion businesses sell products to retail buyers. • Centers may be located in the garment district or regional marts. • Buying centers are concentrated in geographic areas where manufacturers promote their newest lines or group of styles and designs.

25. U.S. Buying Centers • Retail buyers can order merchandise from manufacturers on a continuous basis. • There are specific times when manufacturers presents their new product lines to buyers. • Buyers attend showings during market weeks. • Market Weeks - major times scheduled by fashion producers to show fashions to buyers. • The apparel industry designates particular weeks to present different components of fashion.

26. U.S. Buying Centers • New York City • Los Angeles • Dallas • Chicago • Atlanta • Miami Many retailers avoid NYC and use regional buying centers that include marts.

27. U.S. Buying Centers • Marts - a building that houses thousands of showrooms for specific merchandise categories. • The larger regional centers may have several building clusters or marts that are devoted to specific apparel of accessory groups.

28. Buying Center: New York City • The nation’s leading buy center, with 5,000 fashion showrooms. • Reports sales of $14 billion annually

29. Buying Center: New York City • The Fashion Center Business Improvement Districts is a not-for-profit corporation established in 1993 to promote New York City’s apparel industry. • The purpose of this organization is to improve the quality of life and strengthen the economic status.

30. Fashion Center Business Improvement District • New York Fashion International – formed to address the needs of companies interested in exporting goods. • Assist businesses in exploring foreign markets and developing export strategies. • Promotes the New York design marketing internationally.

31. Fashion Center Business Improvement District • The Fashion Walk of Fame – Commemorative sidewalk on Seventh Avenue that celebrates fashion designers.

32. Fashion Center Business Improvement District • Fashion Center Banners – Festive banners bearing the garment district’s button logo are draped on district lampposts to increase unity and pride within the community.

33. Buying Center: Los Angeles • The largest concentration of fashion-related businesses in the western United States. • Home of the California Market Center.

34. Buying Center: Los Angeles • California Market Center • Houses around 1,800 showrooms • 10,000 product lines • Three 13-story buildings which are interconnected on every floor. • The center holds various events, such as: • 5 major fashion markets • 2 textile markets • Los Angeles gift-and-homemade markets • Market days • Fashion weeks • Educational events • Seminars

35. Buying Center: Dallas • The world’s largest wholesale merchandise resource with nearly 7 million square of available space. • $7.5 billion in estimated wholesale transactions occur annually within the Dallas Market Center. • Sportswear and western wear are prominent in the Dallas market.

36. Buying Center: Dallas • Home to the new Fashion Center Dallas • 1 million square-foot home for apparel and accessories at Dallas Market Center. • 550 permanent fashion show rooms

37. Buying Center: Chicago • Home to the Merchandise Mart and its sister building, the Chicago Apparel Center • 1.5 million square-foot building housing wholesale apparel and showrooms and office and retail space. • 300 wholesale showrooms • Women’s and children’s apparel, men’s wear, and bridal fashions are prominent.

38. Buying Center: Atlanta • Home to AmericasMart • Three buildings • 4.2 million square feet • Aerial walkways connect the buildings • Primarily known for its home-furnishings merchandise, but also has sportswear lines.

39. Buying Center: Miami • Home to the Miami International Merchandise Mart • 300 showrooms adjacent to the Miami International Airport • Known for moderately priced sportswear, cruise wear, swimwear, and children’s wear.

40. AssignmentParis, London, Milan, Tokyo, NYC • Choose one of the five design centers of the world and create a PowerPoint or poster using the criteria below: • Location – (Map if possible) • What type of fashion is the design center most known for • Couture, Ready to Wear, etc. • Top Designers from the area or who started there • Fashion schools in the area • When do they host their fashion shows? • What well-known fashion houses are in the area? • Why did it become a fashion capital? • What are other things the city is known for? • What interesting places and activities are within the capital?