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Periodic Table

Periodic Table. hydrogen. highly reactive(chemical property), colorless, odorless gas (normally) Highly flammable * most common element found in the universe (90% + atoms). Alkali metals Group 1. Very reactive (chemical property), do not occur freely in nature

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Periodic Table

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  1. Periodic Table

  2. hydrogen • highly reactive(chemical property), colorless, odorless gas (normally) • Highly flammable • * most common element found in the universe (90% + atoms)

  3. Alkali metals Group 1 • Very reactive (chemical property), do not occur freely in nature • Physical property- malleable, ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity, solid @ room temp. low densities, low melting pts. • Chemical property- explode if exposed to H₂O, produce chemicals, metals, glass, petr. products

  4. Alkaline earth metals group 2 • Metals, very reactive (chem. Prop.) • Most are good conductors of elect. (phy prop) • Give up 2 electrons during reactions • Never found free in nature

  5. Transitional metals group 3-12 • Chem: less reactive than groups 1 or 2 • Phys: ductile, malleable, good cond. of heat and elect. • Produce magnetic field: iron, cobalt, nickel • Used for: jewelry, industry (copper wiring) foods • Lanthanide and Actinide- Rare Earth Metals

  6. Other metals • Al, Ga, In, Sn, Tl, Pb, Bi • Phys. Prop: ductile, malleable, solids, high densities • Opaque- no luster, do not reflect light

  7. Metalloids • B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At • Stairs • Have properties of both metals and nonmetals • Appearance varies, some semi-conductors • Useful in computers and calculators

  8. Halogens Group 17 • Halogens means “salt formers” • Compounds containing halogens=“salts” • Very reactive non-metals form salts when combined w/ metal (most) often bond w/ grp 1 elements, used to kill harmful micro-organisms in hospitals, purify drinking H₂O • Solids- Iodine, Astatine • Liquids- Bromine • Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine • (exist as molecule)

  9. Noble Gases Group 18 • Exist as gases • Non-metals, full outer energy levels • DO NOT REACT WITH OTHER ELEMENTS

  10. OTHER NON METALS • C, N, P, O, S, Se • Do not cond. Elect. or heat • Exist in either gases & solids • Phys. Prop.- brittle (break easily), not ductile, not malleable, no luster

  11. Rare Earth Metals Lanthanide and Actinides • Silver, silvery white/grey metals • Good conductors of elect. • LANTH- many forms, some magn. Props. • ACT- all radioactive

  12. Notes • Groups 13-16 are called by the 1st Element in the group • Contain a mixture of different types of elements • Ex. Grp 13- called the Boron Group contains 1 metalloid, 4 metals • Grp 14- called the Carbon Group contains 1 non-metal, 2 metalloids, 2 metals

  13. Notes • Green means- GO!! REACTIVE • Red means- STOP!! UNREACTIVE • Blue means- varied reactivity • Shared characteristics- Groups/Families • Periods (rows) • Group #’s - # of valence electrons for that group of elements • Period #’s- # of energy levels for those elements

  14. Valence Electrons • All the electrons on an element’s outermost energy level (shells) • Important in determining (deciding) how an atom reacts chemically w/ other atoms. • Bohr- nucleus w/ shells ● • Electron Dot diagram- uses ● ex. ●Al●

  15. Notes • Stable- full energy level “resist change” • Chemical bond- force that holds atoms together (strong attachment) • Covalent bond- atoms share electrons co-together- full energy level • Ions- atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged (+ or -) more electrons- more negative more protons + more positive • Ionic bond- oppos. Charged ions attract and form a bond.

  16. Electrons Shells • 1st- 2 • 2nd- 8 • 3rd- 8 or 18 (8 available for bonding) • 4th – 32 • 5th- 50 • 6th- 72

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