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Solvent Emission Directive

Frank Sorensen Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen. Solvent Emission Directive. Council Directive 1999/13/EC Adopted 11 of March 1999 Implemented in Danish regulation: Statutory Order of 29 May 2002. Solvent Emission Directive. Member States. Local Authorities

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Solvent Emission Directive

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  1. Frank Sorensen Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen Solvent Emission Directive Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  2. Council Directive 1999/13/EC Adopted 11 of March 1999 Implemented in Danish regulation: Statutory Order of 29 May 2002 Solvent Emission Directive Member States Local Authorities Private enterprises Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  3. Reasons and background Purpose and scope Definitions Obligations new installations Obligations existing install. Requirements National plans Substitution Monitoring Compliance with ELV or reduction scheme Non-compliance Contents of the directive • Information systems and reporting • Public access to information • Committee • Sanctions • Transposition • Entry into force • Annex I: Scope • Annex IIA: Thresholds and ELV’s • Annex IIB: Reduction scheme • Annex III: Solv. management plan Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  4. Three main reasons for the directive: Transboundary pollution Harmful for public health and danger to natural resources Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reasons and background Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  5. Direct impacts harmful to humans and animals Indirect impacts harmful to humans, animals and plants VOC + NOx +  Ozone (O3) + other photochemical oxidants  asthma, bronchitis, death of forests, damage to crops and vegetation One of the main air pollution problems in Europe Impact on health and environment Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  6. Transboundary pollution Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  7. Local air pollution 2 July 2003 morning O3 NOx Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  8. Local air pollution 2 July 2003 afternoon O3 NOx Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  9. Particularly harmful emissions substitution Avoid or reduce organic compounds Existing installations shall comply with the rules 31 October 2007 at the latest Economically and technically feasibility Best available techniques Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  10. Purpose: Prevent or reduce the direct and indirect effects of emissions of VOC mainly into air and the potential risk to human health. Purpose and scope Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  11. Statutory order Guidelines for air emission regulation Emission Input Air quality Danish regulation Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  12. Adhesive coating Coating activity Coil coating Dry cleaning Footwear manufacture Manufacturing of coating preparations, varnishes, inks and adhesives Manufacturing of pharmaceutical products Printing Rubber conversion Surface cleaning Vegetable oil and animal fat extraction and vegetable oil refining activities Vehicle refinishing Winding wire coating Wood impregnation Wood and plastic lamination Purpose and scope Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  13. Purpose and scope Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  14. Definition of VOC: > 0,01 kPa (293,15 K) vapour pressure or corresponding volatility under the particular conditions of use. Definitions Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  15. New installations comply with rules from start of operation authorisation or registration before put into operation Existing installations comply with rules no later than 31 Oct. 2007 registration or authorisation by 31 Oct. 2007 at the latest reduction scheme: notify by 31 Oct. 2005 at the latest Substantial change:either as a new installation oras an existing installation if the increase in the total emission of the whole installation doesn’t exceed that of a new installation. Obligations Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  16. Either ELV’s Or Reduction scheme Compounds that are classified as carciogens, mutagens or toxic to reproduction have special interests Requirements Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  17. ELV’s: Either ELV=Emission limit value (mg C/Nm3) and FEV=Fugitive emission value (% of input) Or TELV=Total emission limit values (% of product or solvent input) Requirements - ELV Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  18. For installations with 2 or more activities: Either meet the requirements for each activity individually Or total emissions not exceeding if the above have been applied Except VOC’s assigned certain risk phrases Total Total Requirements - ELV Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  19. Purpose: achieve emission reduction by other means Means: substitution, less solvent in compounds, better utilisation. Reduction plan: Determine the total mass of solid (M) Calculate the reference emission (R): R = M • F Calculate the target emission (T): T = R • P Requirements – Reduction scheme = R = mass of solvent = M = mass of solid Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  20. F is a multiplication factor given by: Requirements – Reduction scheme Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  21. P is a percentage given by: P = FEV + 15% for P = FEV + 5% for all other installations (equals 95% efficiency of abatement equipment) Example: Vehicle refinishing: FEV = 25%  P = 40% Requirements – Reduction scheme Vehicle refinishing Other coating (5-15 t/y) Coating of wooden surfaces (15-25 t/y) (equals 85% efficiency of abatement equip.) Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  22. Requirements – Reduction scheme Solvent % = Other coating: F = 1,5 means that solvent% = 60% Vehicle refinishing: F = 3 means that solvent% = 75% Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  23. Requirements – Reduction scheme Example, other coatings: Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  24. Directive 2004/42/EC Simplified reduction scheme Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  25. Existing installations with abatement equipments: 50 mg C/Nm3 in case of incineration or 150 mg C/Nm3 other abatement equipment shall meet the requirements 1 April 2013. Requirements - exempts Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  26. In Denmark the minister of environment and the Danish Industry Board made an agreement in 1995. The objective was to reduce the emission of VOC from certain branches with 40% by the end of 2000. The result was 54 %, with regard of production level. National plan Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  27. Exchange of information between member states: BAT notes for large installations The guidance shall be taken into account during authorisation or formulation of general binding rules. Substitution Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  28. General rule: If abatement equipment, then continuous or periodic measurements Emission > 10 kg TOC/h  continuous measuring Otherwise continuous or periodic measurements. Monitoring Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  29. Compliance with: ELV, FEV and TELV Reduction scheme Provisions of Article 5 (3) (about FEV and exempts from contained conditions) Solvent management plan gives guidance. Compliance with ELV Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  30. Solvent management plan O1: Waste gases Massbalance Input and output O3: Residue in products O4: Uncaptured emissions to air O5: Destroyed/adsorbed organic solvents/compunds I1: Purchaced VOC O6: Contained in waste I2: Recovered and reused VOC O7: Contained in preparations, which have a commercially value O8: Recovered for externally reuse O2: Waste water O9: Releases in other ways Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  31. (i) Compliance with the reduction scheme (a) Determination of consumption (C) C = I1 – O8 (b) Determination of total emission limit value E = (F + O1)/product parameter where F = fugitive emissions (c) For assessing compliance annually determination Use of the solvent management plan Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  32. (ii) Determination of fugitive emissions (a) Methodology F = I1 – O1 – O5 – O6 – O7 – O8 or F = O2 + O3 + O4 + O9 Direct measurements or calculations using capture efficiencies F is expressed as a proportion of the input: I = I1 + I2 (b) Frequency Short but comprehensive set of measurements New measurements if equipment is modified Use of the solvent management plan Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  33. Continuous measurements: 24 h average < ELV hourly average < 1,5 x ELV Periodic measurements: average of all readings < ELV hourly reading < 1,5 x ELV Compliance - measurements Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  34. Usually i case of malfunctions of the installation or the abatement equipment. Severe releases, i.e. accidents (leakages from tanks, breakdown of abatement equipment) Not mentioned in the Danish statutory order. Non-compliance Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

  35. Member states report every three year to the Commission. Danish statutory order: Every year the installations, who falls within the scope shall report to the local authority to show compliance. Every year installations using solvents with certain risk phrases shall give a status about substitution. Information systems and reporting Environmental Protection Agency City of Copenhagen

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