George Washington 1789 – 1797

1. George Washington1789 – 1797 • George Washington unanimously elected the first President of the United States of America • Aware of Precedent • Aware of self-image

2. The First Congress • Established Precedent • Established 1st Cabinet - State Department - Treasury Department - War Department • Established Judiciary • Settled Financial Issues

3. Federal Courts 1 Supreme Court 3 Circuit Courts 13 District Courts Could reverse state decisions State Courts Left up to the States The Judiciary Act

4. The Bill of Rights • Personal Rights • Right to Bear Arms • Quartering of Troops • Search & Seizure • Rights of Accused • Right to Speedy Trial • Right to Trial by Jury • No Cruel & Unusual Punishment • Powers Reserved to People • Powers Reserved to States

5. National Debt • Bonds • Speculators • Assumption • Compromise

6. The Nation’s Capital • New York • Philadelphia • Washington D.C. • Virginia • Foggy Bottom • Washington’s back yard • Survey

7. Hamiltonian Economics • Assumption • National Bank • Import Tariffs • National Taxes

8. Whiskey Rebellion • Rebellion ion western Pennsylvania over tax on whiskey • Most farmers bartered goods – no cash to pay tax • President Washington sent in the army to stop rebellion • Argued that the farmers had representation in government – must pay the tax

9. The Battle of Fallen Timbers • American soldiers defeated a large Native American and forced them to surrender lands north of the Ohio River

10. Europe • French Revolution • Proclamation of Neutrality • Impressment • Jay’s Treaty – Britain • Pickney’s Treaty – Spain

11. Washington’s Farewell • Washington decided to resign after two terms in office • Concerned about precedent • Published an open letter to the American people • Tried to establish a lasting policy

13. Adams1797 – 1801 • The Second President • Served as Washington’s Vice-President for two terms • Also served as ambassador to France and Great Britain • Not as popular

14. Trouble with France • Jay’s Treaty • XYZ Affair • Undeclared war • Department of Navy formed (1798) • George Washington commanding general • Alien and Sedition Acts • John Adams unpopular • Treaty

15. The Affair • Jay’s Treaty results in French mistrust • France seize American cargo en route to Britain • American Ambassador’s sent to France were given a letter demanding a bribe in order to meet with French officials • Letter published in American newspapers • Frenchman identified only as “X,Y, and Z.” • Many Americans demanded war with France in response

17. Naturalization Act, Alien Acts and Sedition Act • Passed in response to critical writings about the Adam’s presidency • Naturalization Act: Aliens must reside in country for 14 yrs. (not 5) for citizenship • Alien Acts: Allowed deportation and imprisonment • Sedition Act: unlawful to publish damaging critiques of the gov • Unconstitutional (1st Amendment) • Seriously damaged Adam’s legacy

18. The Election of 1800 • Very close election between Adams and Jefferson • Resulted in a tie for 35 votes • 12th Amendment passed to prevent this from happening again

21. The Jeffersonian Era • 1790 Samuel Slater builds cotton mill • 1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin • 1801 Thomas Jefferson elected John Marshall appointed Chief Justice • 1803 Marbury v. Madison • 1804 Louisiana Purchase • 1807 Embargo Act passed Robert Fulton builds Clermont • 1809 Madison elected • 1811 National Road begun • 1812 Congress declares war • 1814 war ends • 1816 Monroe elected President Second National Bank chartered • 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland • 1820 Missouri Compromise US Population 10 million • 1823 Monroe Doctrine announced • 1825 Erie Canal opened

22. Jefferson 1801 – 1809 • Laissez-faire • Small government • Judiciary Act of 1801 • Midnight Judges • Marbury v. Madison • Louisiana Purchase • Secession • The Duel • Pirates • Impressment • Embargo Act • Nonintercourse Act • Another PowerPoint

23. Marbury v. Madison • Judiciary Act of 1801 establishes new federal judgeships • John Adams hurries to stock courts with Federalists • Jefferson refuses their appointments • Marbury sues Madison (Sec. of State) for appointment • Marshall (Chief Justice) sides w/ Madison • Establishes Judicial Review

24. Louisiana Purchase • France takes control of Louisiana Territory from Spain • France loses control of Haiti and loses interest in the Americas • Jefferson decides to buy New Orleans to control Mississippi • Buys entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million, doubling the size of the country • Approved by Senate

26. Aaron Burr • New England plot of Secession • Burr runs for Governor of New York • Hamilton publicizes plot • Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel • Hamilton killed, Burr flees • Burr later arrested for treason in New Orleans

27. Foreign Affairs • Barbary Pirates • War w/ Tripoli • Neutrality • Impressment • Embargo Act • Nonintercourse Act

35. Madison1809 – 1817 • Domestic Warfare • Battle of Tippecanoe • War Hawks • Henry Clay and John Calhoun • War of 1812

37. Industry Industrial Revolution Free Enterprise/Capitalism Factory System Interchangeable Parts Public Corporations Urban Development Interstate Travel Second Bank of the United States Agriculture Cotton Gin Economic Advancement

38. Cotton Gin

39. Moving West • Census • Turnpikes • National Road • The Clermont • Canals • Locks

40. Moving West • Roads • Rivers • Canals

42. Monroe1817 – 1825 • Era of Good Feelings • Sectionalism • Missouri Compromise • The American System • McCulloch v. Maryland • Gibbons v. Ogden • Monroe Doctrine

44. Sectionalism • John C. Calhoun sectionalism • Daniel Webster nationalism • Henry Clay compromise • The Missouri Compromise

48. The American System • 3 Parts protective tariff internal improvements national bank didn’t pass in full • McCulloch v. Maryland • Prevents states from suing federal institutions • Gibbons v. Ogden • States cannot interfere w/ federal institutions

49. Monroe Doctrine