Air Quality Control and Sampling

Air Quality Control and Sampling By: Gerald Pine Katie Whited & Erik Walunas

Objectives forCO2, CO, & Mold • Why it’s important • PEL • Health Effects • Sampling Methods

Why CO2? Table C13-1. Substances for which limits are based on avoidance of metabolic effects (NOTE: Because of its width, this table has been divided; see continuation for additional columns. _________________________________________________________________________ H.S. Number/ Chemical Name CAS No. Former PEL Proposed PEL _________________________________________________________________________ • 1025 Aniline and homologs 62-53-3 5 ppm TWA, Skin 2 ppm TWA, Skin • 1058 Calcium Cyanamide 156-62-7 -- 0.5 mg/m(3) TWA • 1068 Carbofuran 1563-66-2 -- 0.1 mg/m(3) TWA • 1069 Carbon dioxide 124-38-9 5,000 ppm TWA 5,000 ppm TWA 30,000 ppm STEL • 1071 Carbon monoxide 630-08-0 50 ppm TWA 35 ppm TWA 200 ppm Ceiling • 1091 Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2 -- 0.2 mg/m(3) 0.6 mg/m(3) STEL, Skin 1103 • 1104 Crufomate 299-86-5 -- 5 mg/m(3) TWA 20 mg/m(3) STEL • 1131 Cyanamide 420-04-2 -- 2 mg/m(3) TWA • 1143 Dicrotophos 141-66-2 -- 0.25 mg/m(3) TWA Skin _________________________________________________________________________ http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=PREAMBLES&p_id=770

Why CO2? • Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless, noncombustible gas. • OSHA bases this conclusion on the fact that, while the evidence has not shown that prolonged exposures to 10,000 ppm are harmful, acute exposures to CO(2) concentrations in excess of 30,000 ppm have been demonstrated to cause changes in respiration rates in humans. http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=PREAMBLES&p_id=770

Why CO? • Silent Killer • Could this be You? What about your family? Or What about your co-workers?

Exposure Limits forCO2 • OSHA PEL – General Industry/ Construction: 5000ppm; 9000mg/m^3 • NIOSH REL -5,000ppm • STEL – 30,000ppm • ACGIH TLV – 5,000ppm; 9,000mg/m^3; • STEL – 30,000 ppm; 54,000mg/m^3

Exposure Limits forCO • OSHA PEL- General/Construction/Maritime • 50 ppm, 55 mg/m^3 • NIOSH REL-35 ppm, 40 mg/m^3 • Ceiling – 200ppm, 229mg/m^3 • ACGIH TLV – 25 ppm, 29 mg/m^3

Health Effects • Would you notice the symptoms?

Health EffectsCO2 • Symptoms – Headaches, dizziness, restlessness, paresthesis, dyspnea, sweating, malaise, increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, pulse pressure, coma, asphyxia, convulsions, frostbite • Simple Asphyxiant • Targets – Lungs, Skin, CVS

Health EffectsCO • IDLH – 1,200ppm • Symptoms – headaches, tachypnea, nausea, weakness, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, cyanosis, depressed, ST segment of electrocardiogram, angina, syncope • Asphyxiation, chemical anoxia • Target – CVS, Lungs, Blood, CNS

Monitor & Sample Does he know what he’s looking for? Which is more accurate?

SamplingCO2 • Five layer aluminized gas sampling bag • Gastech Detector Tubes • 200ml sample or 2 strokes • 0.13-6% validity • Evacuated Cans

Sampling CO • Five layer Aluminized Gas Sampling Bag • Mx. V. 5 liters Min V. 2 liters • Max flow rate - .05 L/min • Gas Chromatography • Electrochemical Sensor • Sample up 8 hours • Measure limit – 999pm • Detection limit – 4.1 ppm • Over uncertainty 9.6% uncertainty

Results HPER Strength & Conditiong

Mold Do you know the risks of exposure?

Mold Facts • Mold spores are all around • Can grow anywhere where warmth and moisture are present • Moisture Control will help eliminate mold growth • Reduce indoor humidity 30-60% to decrease mold growth

Terminology • Building – related illnesses (BRI’s) • Objective clinical finding related to specific exposure • Diagnosed by evaluation of signs & symptoms • Sick Building Syndrome • Experience symptoms and linked to time in building • No specific cause of illness is identified

Mold Health Effects • Nasal stuffiness, eye irritation, wheezing or skin irritation • Serious allergies to molds – severe reaction – fever and shortness of breath. • Chronic lung disease / Weakened Immune Systems– potential for mold infection in lungs

Mold Sampling • Mold Sampling – 2 types • Dermal wipe – in Lab. Incubate and identify • Dermal wipe – DNA tests can identify molds more rapidly

Black Mold • What is “black mold”?The news media often refer to “black mold” or “toxic black mold.” It is usually associated with Stachybotrys chartarum, a type of greenish-black mold commonly associated with heavy water damage. Not all molds that appear to be black are Stachybotrys. The known health effects from exposure to Stachybotrys are similar to other common molds, but have been inconclusively associated with more severe health effects in some people. http://www.aiha.org/AIHAContent/templates/TopPicksTemplate.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID=%7b85F062DC-34DF-49CE-BED2-F4D39B2F11F9%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2fcontent%2faccessinfo%2fconsumer%2ffactsaboutmold%2ehtm&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#whatisblackmold

References • Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (2008). Regulations, VI. Health Effects Discussion and determination of Final PEL. Retrieved April 2, 2008 from • http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=PREAMBLES&p_id=770 • Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (2007). Chemical Sampling Information, Carbon Monoxide (by COHb). Retrieved April 7, 2008 from http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_225610.html • Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (2007). Chemical Sampling Information, Carbon Dioxide. Retrieved April 7, 2008 from http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_225400.html • Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (2008). Carbon Dioxide in Workplace Atmospheres. Retrieved April 7, 2008 from http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/inorganic/id172/id172.html • U.S Environmental Protection Agency, (2008). Mold Resources, Mold, Indoor Air Quality, Air, US EPA. Retrieved April 8, 2008 from http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldresources.html#Introduction%20to%20Molds

Air Quality Control and Sampling