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Multimedia

Multimedia. Section Objectives. After completing this section you will be able to: Differentiate between various CD and DVD technologies Determine a CD or DVD X factor from an advertisement or specification sheet Explain the basics of how a CD/DVD drive works

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Multimedia

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  1. Multimedia

  2. Section Objectives After completing this section you will be able to: • Differentiate between various CD and DVD technologies • Determine a CD or DVD X factor from an advertisement or specification sheet • Explain the basics of how a CD/DVD drive works • State the various interfaces and ports used to connect CD/DVD drives • Explain the basic operation of a sound card • Install, configure, and troubleshoot a sound card • Use Windows XP to verify CD/DVD drive and sound card installation

  3. Multimedia Overview • The term multimediahas different meanings to different people because there are so many different types of multimedia devices. This chapter focuses on the most popular areas and you will find that other devices are similar to install and troubleshoot. • Multimedia devices: • CD and DVD technologies • Sound cards • Speakers • Cameras

  4. CD Drive Overview • CD Drive terms: • CD Drive also known as a CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory) Driveis a device that uses compact disks. • CD (Compact Disk)is a disk that holds large amounts of data (628MB and higher), such as audio, software applications, and graphics.

  5. CD Drive Speeds • CD-ROM drives operate much slower than hard drives. • CD-ROM drive specifications: • Average Seek Timeis the time required for a drive to move randomly about the disk. • Average Access Timeis the time required to find and retrieve data on a disk or in memory.

  6. CD Drive Speeds CD drive transfer speeds Multimedia – Table 8.1

  7. CD Drive Speeds CD drive access times Multimedia – Table 8.2

  8. CD Drive Buffers/Cache • Ways to reduce CD data transfers time: • Buffer memory located on the CD drive • A minimum of 500KB buffer size is recommended

  9. Theory of CD Drive Operation • Data is stored on a CD with pits and flats. • Pits are indentations along the track of a CD. • Flats are lands that separate the pits in a CD.

  10. Theory of CD Drive Operation Inside a CD drive Multimedia – Figure 8.2

  11. CD Disk Loading • Methods for inserting a compact disk into a CD drive: • Tray Loadedis a method to insert a CD into a drive. They are less expensive but more likely to have lower MTBFs. • MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures)is the average number of hours before a device fails. • Caddy Loadedis a term used to describe how a CD inserts into a CD drive using a special holder. • Caddy is a holder for a compact disk that inserts into the CD drive. • Slot Loadedis a term used to describe how a CD loads into a slot in the CD drive. This has the disadvantage of disk jams.

  12. CD-ROM Disk Loading CD drive with tray and CD caddy Multimedia – Figure 8.3

  13. CD-R and CD-RW • CD-R (compact disk recordable)is a CD drive that can create a compact disk by writing once to the disk. • UDF (Universal Disk Format)is a CD-R drive standard used by some manufacturers. • DDCD (Double Density CD)is a CD disk format that extends to 1.3GB. Drives that use this specification can also read regular CDs, CD-R disks, and CD-RW disks. • WORM (Write Once-Read Many)is a technology that writes data once to a disk.

  14. CD-R and CD-RW • CD-RW (CD rewritable)or CD-Eisa CD drive that can write data multiple times to a particular disk. • Dye-Polymer is a technology for making CD-E or CD-RW disks by laser-heating the disk surface to produce light reflecting bumps. • MultiRead or MultiRead2is an OSTA specification that states the CD-RW drive is backward compatible with CD-ROM and CD-R disks. • Multisession – A feature which allows a CD-R or CD-RW drive to support multiple sessions. • MRW - named Mount Rainier. MRW provides an improvement on UDF by saving to CD and DVDs as if they were hard drives.

  15. CD Standards CD Standards Multimedia – Table 8.3

  16. Magneto-Optical Drives • MO (Magneto-Optical) Driveis a type of drive that uses a special technology for reading and writing multiple times to a compact disk. After the disk is heated by the laser to produce a bump, a magnet applies a charge to the surface.

  17. DVD Drives • DVD-ROMis a technology that produces disks with superior audio and video performance and increased storage capacity. • In DVD drives, the MPEG-2 video must be converted, and the decoder is the way to convert the data. • DirectX is a Microsoft DVD technology that integrates multimedia drivers, application code, and 3-D support for audio and video. • Region Codeis a setting on a DVD drive or disk that specifies a geographic region.

  18. Decoders • Decoders are used to decompress the video and audio from a DVD. • Hardware Decoderrequires a PCI adapter and handles the decoding. • Software Decoderis a type of DVD decoder that puts the burden on the CPU to decode and uncompress the MPEG-2 video data from the DVD.

  19. DVD Drives DVD Region Codes Multimedia – Table 8.5

  20. Other DVD Technologies • Types of DVD Technologies: • DVD-RAM uses a phase technology like CD-RW and allows data to be rewritten on a DVD-RAM disk. • DVD-R uses WORM technology to use one or two sides of the disk. • DVD-RW (DVD-ReWritable)uses 4.7GB disks that can be erased and rewritten to the disk. • DVD+RW (DVD Read and Write)is a drive that can be read from, written to, and discs holds 2.8GB per side.

  21. DVD Standards DVD book type field values Multimedia – Table 8.6

  22. Blu-ray Drives • Blu-ray – an optical disc technology that uses blue laser technology instead of the red laser technology currently used by CD/DVD drives. • Blu-ray has a higher data transfer rate than DVDs and stores 27GB on a single side disc or 50GB on a dual-side disc. • Blu-ray was developed for high-definition video and data storage.

  23. CD/DVD Drive Interfaces and Connections • Types of CD and DVD Drive Interfaces: • PATA • IDE – most common for internal • SATA IDE • SCSI • USB – most common for external • FireWire

  24. CD/DVD Drive Upgrades • Questions to analyze a CD/DVD Drive upgrade: • Are speakers or sound wanted? • What microprocessor is installed in the computer? • Is a slot available in the computer for a sound card? • Will video-intensive CDs be used? • Does the computer have enough RAM? • Does the computer have a sound system that accepts digital audio input and support Dolby Digital Surround Sound?

  25. Preventive Maintenance for CD/DVD Drives and Discs • If the laser lens gets dust, dirt, or moisture on it, the drive may report data or read errors. • Laser LensorObjective Lensis a special component of the CD drive that is responsible for reading information from the CD disk.

  26. CD/DVD Drive Installation • CD/DVD Drive Installation Steps: • Install any necessary mounting brackets on the drive. • Set the appropriate master/slave, SCSI ID, or termination for the drive interface. • Turn off computer power, and install appropriate adapter if necessary . • Install drive. • Attach the appropriate cables to the drive. • Device Driveris a small piece of software that stays in RAM to allow communication with a piece of hardware.

  27. Laptop CD/DVD Drive • Many laptop have bays which allow for the exchange of storage devices. • The removal of the keyboard may be necessary to access internally mounted drives. • FireWire or USB can be used to connect external drives.

  28. Troubleshooting CD/DVD Drive Problems • Troubleshooting CD/DVD Drive Problems: • Always use the latest drivers. • Correct any interrupt, DMA channel, and I/O address conflicts. • Verify that the CD or DVD is installed in the drive. • Check power connections, cabling, and configuration settings. • Additional troubleshooting tips can be found on page 289.

  29. Sound • Sound Card Features: • MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)is used to create synthesized music and found on a sound card. • MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3)is a sound format that compresses an audio file and has the extension of MP3. • AAC (Advanced Audio Compression)is a sound file format that provides file compression superior to MP3.

  30. Sound CD drive with sound card Multimedia – Figure 8.10

  31. Sound Multimedia Sound Blaster sound card ports Multimedia – Figure 8.11

  32. Sound PC design symbols Multimedia – Figure 8.12

  33. Sound Card Theory of Operation • The sound card must take the analog signal and convert it to a digital format to send the sound into the computer. To convert an analog waveform to 1s and 0s, samples of data are taken. • Frequency Responseis the number of samples taken by a sound card. • It is recommended to purchase a PCI/PCI-E sound card that uses a minimum of 16 bits for sampling.

  34. Sound Card Theory of Operation Sound Wave Multimedia – Figure 8.13

  35. Sound Card Theory of Operation 8-Bit Sampling Multimedia – Figure 8.14

  36. Sound Card Theory of Operation 16-Bit Sampling Multimedia – Figure 8.15

  37. Installing Sound Cards • The steps to installing a sound card are similar to other adapters. The onboard sound must be disabled before installing a new sound adapter.

  38. Sound Cards Using Windows XP • Audio Drivers: • WDM (Windows Driver Model)is a kernel mode process that handles audio management such as multiple streams of real-time audio. • DS3D (DirectSound3D)is a Microsoft development included in DirectX3 that adds more 3D audio effect commands. • A3D is an audio standard developed by Aureal Semiconductor that supports hardware acceleration and allows simulation of sounds in certain environments such as a tunnel or under water. • EAX (Environmental Audio Extensions) is Creative Labs’ development that allows software and game developers to create a realistic audio environment such as muffling effects and audio directional effects.

  39. Speakers • Speaker Features: • Power Ratingis how loud the volume can go without distorting the sound and is expressed in watts-per-channel. • Frequency Response Rangeis the range of sounds a speaker can reproduce. • Shielding cancels out and keeps magnetic interference from devices.

  40. Speakers • The following is a list of extras for speakers: • An external volume control • Headphone jacks • Headphone and microphone pass-through connectors • AC adapter • Proper connectors to connect speakers to the sound card • If the sound card is capable of 3D sound, a four or six speaker system is an enhancement.

  41. Troubleshooting Sound Problems • Troubleshooting Sound Problems: • Verify that the sound card is secured in a PCI or ISA slot and no cuts are present in the speaker wires. • Verify installation of the correct sound drivers. • Verify that there are not any resource conflicts. • Check the speaker’s connection to the back of the computer.

  42. Scanners • A Scanner is an input device that allows documents including text and pictures to be brought into the computer and displayed, printed, etc. • The most common types of scanners: • Flatbed • Sheetfed • Handheld • Film • Barcode Reader • Scanners attach to the computer using one of three methods: • Parallel • USB • SCSI • IEEE 1394 (FireWire)

  43. Scanners The most common scanner file formats: • JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is good for web pictures and master copies. • GIF (Graphic Interchange Format) is limited to 256 colors and good for web pictures. • TIFF (Tag Image File Format) is good for master copies. • PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is the newest type and supports 24 and 48-bit color. • Scanner Terms: • Resolution is measured in dots per inch and determined by the number of sensors in the CCD array. • Bit depth is the number of bits used for color. The more bits, the more colors and color depth. • Interpolation is software used by the scanner to achieve a greater resolution. • OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is software that processes printed or written text characters. • TWAIN is a driver used that allows applications to access and acquire images directly from the scanner.

  44. Digital Cameras • Digital camerastores photographs in digital form. • Digital cameras connect to the computer with several different interfaces: • Serial • Parallel • USB • SCSI • FireWire • The most common types of Digital Camera Batteries: • AA • NiCad • NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) • Li-Ion (Lithium Ion)

  45. Digital Cameras The most common types of Digital Camera Data Storage: • CF (Compact Flash) • SmartMedia • Memory Stick • Secure Digital • PC Card drives • Multimedia card

  46. Digital Cameras • Memory card readers are popular devices with multiple slots for different memory media. • Web cams are another popular type of digital camera that are used to transmit live video across the internet.

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