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Welcome to Lecture- 5 Profile of BD at a glance

Welcome to Lecture- 5 Profile of BD at a glance. Presented by Md. Abdullah-Al-Helal Lecturer, Centre for GED Northern University Bangladesh E-mail: helalabdullah@gmail.com. Introduction.

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Welcome to Lecture- 5 Profile of BD at a glance

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  1. Welcome to Lecture- 5Profile of BD at a glance Presented by Md. Abdullah-Al-Helal Lecturer, Centre for GED Northern University Bangladesh E-mail: helalabdullah@gmail.com

  2. Introduction Bangladesh! Yes, it is a nation, a country, a society which has a great history and distinctiveness. Rabindra Nath’s Sonar Bangla, Nazrul’s Bangladesh and Jibon Ananda Das’s Ruposhi Bangla all these are the designations of the country. Many poets, singers and authors, since the very beginning, have been voicing the separate entity of the land as reflected in their poems, songs and their writings. These are not, at all, exaggeration for Bangladesh. Rather, it has own distinctiveness and separate entity toward the world. Let’s discuss the profile of Bangladesh from different aspects.

  3. Profile of Bangladesh Profile of Bangladesh may be discussed from different aspects as follows: • Geographical & Environmental Aspect; • Historical Aspect; • Political Aspect; • Economic Aspect; • Demographic Aspect; • Language, Literature & Educational Aspect; • Ethnic & Racial Aspect, • Religious & cultural Aspect; and • Social Aspect,

  4. Geographic and Environmental Aspect Full name: People's Republic of Bangladesh Capital and largest city: Dhaka Area: 147,570 sq km (55,598 sq miles) Major language: Bengali Major religion: Islam Monetary unit: 1 taka = 100 paisa Main exports: Garments, fish, jute goods, leather products GNI per capita: US $690

  5. Geographic and Environment Aspect • Bangladesh  has  six  marked  seasons  in  a  year  of which Winter (November-February),  pre-monsoon (June-September) and post-monsoon (October-November)  are  pre-dominant.  The temperatures across the country ranges between 24 and 390C during Summer months and between 18  and 230C  in Winter months. The annual rainfall varies from 120 cm  in  the  western  part to 250 cm in the South-eastern part. The highest  average  rainfall of 508 cm recorded in some north-easterndistricts.

  6. Historical background • Europeans began to set up trading posts in the area of Bangladesh in the 16th century; eventually the British came to dominate the region and it became part of British India. In 1947, West Pakistan and East Bengal (both primarily Muslim) separated from India (largely Hindu) and jointly became the new country of Pakistan. East Bengal became East Pakistan in 1955, but the awkward arrangement of a two-part country with its territorial units separated by 1,800 km left the Bengalis marginalized and dissatisfied. East Pakistan seceded from its union with West Pakistan in 1971 and was renamed Bangladesh.

  7. Political Aspect Sheikh Hasina became Bangladesh's prime minister for the second time in January 2009. • In general elections in December 2008, her centre-left Awami League won a crushing victory over the centre-right Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) led by her long-time political foe, Begum Khaleda Zia.

  8. Politcal Aspect • The Awami League-led alliance won more than 250 seats in the 300-seat parliament. • Politics in Bangladesh has long been dominated by the bitter rivalry between the two women. • Hasina was previously prime minister from 1996 to 2001, while Khaleda was in power between 1991 and 1996 and again from 2001 to October 2006, when she handed over power to a caretaker administration ahead of elections.

  9. Political Aspect • The hostility between the women stems in part from differences over who played a greater role in the country's independence struggle - Hasina's father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, or Khaleda's husband, General Ziaur Rahman. • Khaleda and Hasina sank their differences when military ruler Hossain Mohammad Ershad was in power from 1982 to 1990. The two cooperated in the movement to oust Ershad. • But their alliance ended with Ershad's departure and they have been uncompromising rivals ever since on a range of issues.

  10. Economical Aspect • Bangladesh is one of the world's poorest nations, with overpopulation adding to its economic woes, and it is heavily reliant on foreign aid. The country's economy is based on agriculture. Rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, and tobacco are the chief crops. Bangladesh is the world's largest producer of jute. Fishing is also an important economic activity, and beef, dairy products, and poultry are also produced. Except for natural gas (found along its eastern border), limited quantities of oil (in the Bay of Bengal), coal, and some uranium.

  11. Economic Aspect • Dhaka and Chittagong (the country's chief port) are the principal industrial centers; clothing and cotton textiles, jute products, newsprint, and chemical fertilizers are manufactured, and tea is processed. In addition to clothing, jute, and jute products, exports include tea, leather, fish, and shrimp. Remittances from several million Bangladeshis working abroad are the second largest source of foreign income. Capital goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, food, and petroleum products are the major imports. Western Europe, the United States, India, and China are the main trading partners

  12. Demographic Aspect • Population:16,22,00000 • Growth rate:1.292% (2009 est.) • Birth rate:24.68 births/1,000population (2009 est.) • Death rate:8 deaths/1,000population (2009 est.) • Life expectancy:60.25 years (2009 est.)–male:57.57 years–female:63.03 years

  13. Demographic Aspect • Age structure:0-14 years:34.6% (male 24,957,997/female 23,533,894) • 15-64 years:61.4% (male 47,862,774/female 45,917,674) • 65-over:4% (male 2,731,578/female 2,361,435) (2006 est.)

  14. Independent Judiciary • The highest judiciary in the country is the Supreme Court headed by  the Chief Justice. The Supreme Court comprises the Appellate Division  and  the High Court Division. There are also courts at the  district  level to try civil and criminal cases. The entire judiciary  is enjoying unprecedented freedom in the dispensation of justice under the present democratic government.

  15. Foreign Relation • The country follows a forward looking, positive and constructive foreign  policy  based  on  friendship to all and malice towards none. • An active member of the United Nations, Non-Align Movement, Organisation of Islamic Countries and the Commonwealth, Bangladesh  pursues a policy of peace, stability and development in the world. • Bangladesh  believes that a balanced economic development of all countries  of  the  world is a prerequisite for global peace and stability. It has,  therefore,  actively participated in efforts to create a more equitable and just economic order, particularly keeping   in  mind  the  requirements  of  the  least  developed countries.

  16. Language • Official language: Bengali (also known as Bangla) • Dialects: Chittagonian and Sylheti • Tribal languages: Bishnupriya Manipuri, Arakanese,Chakma, Garo, Ho, Kokborok and Kurukh • Other languages: English(spoken and known widely in upper-class & politics), Arabic(spoken by many Muslims), Urdu(understood by some, and spoken by Biharis)'

  17. Literature • The history of Bangladeshi and Bengali literature goes back hundreds of years. While it is impossible (and undesirable)  to separate the literary trends of the two Bengals during the pre-independence period, post independent Bangladesh has given birth to it's own distinct set of literateurs and literature. • The earliest available specimen of Bengali literature is about a thousand years old. During the mediaeval period Bengali literature developed considerably with the patronage of Muslim rulers. Chandi Das, Daulat Kazi and Alaol are some of the famous poets of the period. • The era of modern Bengali Literature began in the late nineteenth century. Rahindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Michael Madhusudan Datta. Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyai, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyai, Mir Mosharraf Hossain and Kazi Ahdul Wadud are the pioneers of modern Bengali Literature. inition: age 15 and over can read and write

  18. Cultural Aspect • The multi dimensional cultural heritage of Bangladesh encompasses within itself the cultural diversity of different social and religious groups of Bangladesh. Bangladesh has a composite culture, in which the influences of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam have been assimilated. It is manifested in various forms, including music, dance and drama; arts and crafts; folklore and folktales; literature, philosophy, fairs and festivals as well as in a distinct cuisine and culinary tradition. The indigenous communities of Bangladesh have their own culture and tradition full of colorful diversity.

  19. Cultural Aspect • The indigenous communities of Bangladesh have their own culture and tradition full of colourful diversity. The riverine landscape and the monsoon climate are intimately related to the cultural practices of this country. This site is an endeavor to focus on the country's noteworthy cultural features including the lifestyles and culture of the indigenous people. This site has been structured to highlight six major areas of the country's cultural aspects in a simple manner for convenience of the tourists of both home and abroad while they prepare their itineraries to explore this country.

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