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Finite Verb Review

(indicative). Finite Verb Review. YAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAYYYYYY!!! PARTY!!!. Just as nouns have ‘declensions’ in Latin, verbs belong to ‘conjugations.’ To conjugate a verb is to list all the possible grammatical forms of a verb. Latin verbs belong to four (and a half) conjugations.

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Finite Verb Review

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  1. (indicative) Finite Verb Review YAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAYYYYYY!!! PARTY!!!

  2. Just as nouns have ‘declensions’ in Latin, verbs belong to ‘conjugations.’ To conjugate a verb is to list all the possible grammatical forms of a verb. Latin verbs belong to four (and a half) conjugations. There are five pieces of grammatical information stored in a finite verb form (i.e., a ‘normal’ verb, not a verbal): • Person -- 1st or 2nd • Number -- Sing. or Plural • Tense -- Present, Imperfect, Future, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect • Voice -- Active or Passive • Mood -- Indicative or Subjunctive

  3. The Present Active Tense -- Everyone’s Favourite The present tense in Latin can be translated as ‘I verb,’ ‘I am verbing,’ or ‘I do verb.’ The six forms of the verb correspond with the six possible person/number combinations. All conjugations follow the same basic pattern with different intermediate vowels. “To be:” 2nd: 1st: 4th: 3rd:

  4. Imperfect and Future Actives The imperfect tense is a progressive past tense in Latin: ‘I was verbing, kept on verbing…’ It is formed by inserting -ba- after the present stem, as in amabam, monebam, ducebam, and audiebam (note the -ie-). The future, ‘I will/shall verb,’ is tricky. In the first and second conjugations, a -bi- is inserted after the present stem, but in the third and fourth the ‘old maid vowels’ are used instead. Watch for these!

  5. Perfective Actives The perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses are all formed off of the PERFECT stem (from the 3rd principal part), not the present stem. All verbs, even irregulars, use the same sets of endings for these tenses, although in some cases the present and perfect stems are quite dissimilar. Perfect: Pluperfect: Future Perfect:

  6. Non-perfective Passives In the progressive tenses, the passive is formed quite simply from the active, by replacing the active personal endings with the passive. This gives the verb the meaning ‘I am verbed, I was verbed, I will be verbed.’ Present: Imperfect: Future:

  7. The Perfective Passives Perfective passives are compound in Latin -- they are composed of more than one word, including the helping verb ‘to be,’ which combine together (cf. English ‘I have been). In Latin they are formed of the perfect passive participle (the 4th principal part) and the appropriate form of sum, esse. Don’t forget to decline the participle as necessary. Perfect: Pluperfect: Future Perfect:

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