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Chapter Three

Chapter Three. Human Services Today. Historical Comparison. Early institutions have been located in remote locations Pastoral settings were believed to have a calming influence

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Chapter Three

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  1. Chapter Three Human Services Today

  2. Historical Comparison • Early institutions have been located in remote locations • Pastoral settings were believed to have a calming influence • In addition, the general public did not want to be reminded about such things as mental health or correctional facilities

  3. Community Based Service • The goal of community based mental health services is to enable clients to interact with their environment in the least restrictive manner possible • The focus has become health and wellness rather than illness

  4. Community Based Service • Community based mental health focuses on health and wellness rather than illness • Other community organizations are used: schools, recreational facilities, religious organizations, etc. • Services are also extended to the family members

  5. Community Based Service • Hospice care programs have taken the final stages of life out of the impersonal hospital and returned them to the dignity of the home • The focus is to help patients spend the final days of life with family in the comfort of home

  6. Community Based Service • Corrections is designed to take persons from prison and/or local jails and place them in community based supervision • Halfway house are one example of this approach • Home confinement with electronic monitoring is another (house arrest)

  7. Community Based Service • Schools are now a site for human services • Teachers encounter children with problems well suited to human services • School-based services or systems of care are common terms used to describe the integration of human services in the educational setting

  8. Human Services is the Rural Setting • Challenges • Recruiting and training • Geography • Cost • Confidentiality • Isolation • Coordination

  9. Human Services in the Rural Setting • Those in the rural setting typically lack the opportunities or resources available in metropolitan setting • The difficulty in providing adequate services to a small and dispersed population is also problematic • The smaller population may also helps to creates stigmas associated with the need for human services

  10. Human Services in the Rural Setting • Frequently, the rural setting may constitute an older population • Frequently, the rural setting may constitute a more disadvantaged population • Socioeconomic • Minorities

  11. Human Services in the Rural Setting • A creative approach is required: • Child welfare services • Transportation needs • Utilizing qualified or trained member already in the community • Home-based care • Video links and telemedicine

  12. Human Services in the Industrial Setting • Employers generally recognize that workers who are physically and psychologically well are better employees • Many employers have learned to recognize signs that indicate the need for assistance and encourage employees to seek help • Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) are offered by most major corporations

  13. Human Services in the Industrial Setting • The Federal Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Act (Hughes Act: 1970) • Created the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. • This provided human services with a different approach from mental illness to the treatment of alcohol abuse

  14. Human Services in the Industrial Setting • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990 • This was patterned after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 • It provided those with disabilities access to equal employment • Allowed for access to the same services as those without disabilities

  15. Human Services in the Military Setting • Meeting social needs for those in the military is unique when compared to those not in the military • The Service to Armed Forces (SAF) was created to help meet the needs the family of military personnel • Field offices were established in military hospitals and installations to assist with communication between military personnel and family members

  16. The Impact of Technology • Communication • Information management • Service delivery • Professional development

  17. Communication • E-mail • Teleconferencing • Cell phones/pagers • World wide web • New blogs, facebook, twitter

  18. Information Management Coordination Organization Record of service provision Evaluations

  19. Client Services Software for clients E-therapy Online chat forums

  20. Professional Development CD-ROMs Software for skill development Pod casting Online educational programs

  21. Managed Care Terms Fee-for-service External review Care management Gate keeping

  22. Managed Care Principles External review of services Lowest level of care Outcomes Increased documentation

  23. International Challenges Population International migration Urbanization

  24. U.S. Challenges Immigration Multiracial recognition Diversity

  25. Trends Aging Diversity Terrorism New Roles & Skills Partisanship

  26. Diversity Racial Ethnic Religious Sexual Orientation

  27. Terrorism Consequences Short-term Long-term

  28. New Roles and Skills Clients vs. participants Advocacy Whole Person Economic downturns

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