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Physical and Chemical Changes

Understand the concepts of physical and chemical changes in matter. Learn about the different properties of matter, including volume and mass. Explore the composition of mixtures and pure substances. Identify physical and chemical properties and recognize the signs of physical and chemical changes in matter.

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Physical and Chemical Changes

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  1. Physical and Chemical Changes

  2. Matter • Matter – anything that has volume or mass. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter! • Volume – anything that takes up space • Mass – the amount of matter that something is made of

  3. MASS • Mass • Measured in grams with a balance

  4. Volume • Liquid Volume • measured in liters • Meniscus – the curve that you see at the liquid’s surface used to measure the volume

  5. Volume • Solid Volume • Measured in cubic meters (m3) • Cubic means “having 3 dimensions”

  6. MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no yes no Is the composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by chemical means? A. Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be separated by physical means? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

  7. B. Pure Substances • Element • matter composed of identical atoms • EX: copper

  8. B. Pure Substances • Compound • matter composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio • properties differ from those of individual elements • EX: salt (NaCl)

  9. C. Mixtures Non-specific combination of 2 or more pure substances. Two Types of Mixtures • Homogeneous Mixture • even distribution of components • EX: saline solution Heterogeneous Mixture uneven distribution of components EX: granite

  10. A. Physical Property • A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of its matter. • can be used to separate mixtures • EX: density, color, odor, mass and volume

  11. Chemical Property • A characteristic that indicates whether a substance can undergo a specific chemical change. • EX: flammability, reactivity

  12. Physical Change • Physical changes occur when matter changes its property but not its chemical nature. • Physical changes could include a change in: texture, shape, size, color, odor, volume, mass, weight, and density.

  13. Physical Change Remember! • properties remain the same • reversible • can be used to separate mixtures

  14. Physical Change

  15. Chemical Change • Chemical changes are changes matter undergoes when it becomes new or different matter. • To identify a chemical change look for signs such as color change, bubbling and fizzing, light production, smoke, and presence of heat.

  16. C. Chemical Change Remember! • properties change • irreversible • Signs: color change, formation of a gas/solid, release of light/heat

  17. Chemical Change • A chemical change occurs when fireworks are used. Fireworks are made of metals such as magnesium and copper. These change chemically as they light up the sky.

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