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NPDES Sampling

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NPDES Sampling

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    1. NPDES Sampling

    2. Sample Types

    3. Composite Sample A sample collected over time, representing the average wastewater characteristics during the compositing period. (examples: BOD5, TSS, NH3-N)

    4. 2 Types of Composite Samples Time Composite: A sample consisting of discrete samples collected at constant time intervals. Flow Proportional Composite: A sample consisting of discrete samples collected at a rate proportional to flow.

    5. 2 Common Methods of Collecting Flow Proportional Composite Samples Automated Flow Proportioning: Consists of equal sample volume at a rate proportional to the waste stream flow (i.e., 1 sample per 10,000 gallons of flow). Automatic sampler is paced by flow meter. Manual Flow Proportioning: Constant time interval between samples and sample volume proportional to flow at the time of sampling. Individual samples can either be collected manually or with a sequential automated sampler.

    6. Manual Flow Proportioned Composite Samples

    7. Automatic Composite Samplers Portable or Refrigerated Samplers with Peristaltic Pumps (ISCO, American Sigma). Pneumatic Vacuum Assisted Samplers (Manning). Continuous Automatic Samplers (Chicago Pump).

    8. Peristaltic Pump Auto Sampler

    9. Vacuum Assisted Auto Sampler

    10. Continuous Auto Sampler

    11. Automatic Sampler Components

    12. Automatic Sampler Containers

    13. Automatic Sampler Aliquot Volume

    14. Sample Splitting The composite sample should be adequately mixed prior to sample splitting

    15. Sample Preservation

    16. Grab Sample An individual sample collected over a time period not exceeding 15 minutes, representing the wastewater characteristics at the time of sampling.

    17. Grab Sampling Techniques Metal conduit with bottle clamps can be used for inaccessible locations.

    18. Sample Containers and Preservation for Common Parameters

    19. Common Sample Containers

    20. In situ Monitoring A sampling parameter measured directly in-stream (examples: DO, pH, temperature)

    21. Continuous Monitoring A parameter that is measured continuously in-situ, using a probe, transmitter, and recorder. These devices require calibration using a direct or indirect method. The DIRECT method of calibration involves the removal of the probe or electrode to perform the calibration using known standards. The INDIRECT method requires comparison to a properly calibrated secondary device such as a portable pH meter. Calibration frequencies should be carried out daily.

    22. Continuous Monitors

    23. Quality Control Samples for NPDES Inspections Split Sample: A sample which has been portioned into two or more containers from a single sample container. Equipment Rinse Blank: A sample collected using organic-free water which has been pumped through the sampling equipment to determine if contaminants have be introduced by contact with the equipment. Preservative Blank: A sample that is prepared in the field and used to determine if the preservative was contaminated. Trip Blank: A sample which is prepared prior to the sampling investigation and is stored with the investigative samples throughout the trip.

    24. Sampling Safety

    25. - REFERENCES - 40 CFR, Parts 122 and 136. NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 300-B-94-014, September 1994. Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual, US-EPA, November 2001.

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