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The Southwest Desert

The Southwest Desert. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 4-2.2. The Pueblo. The Southwest Desert cultural region is mostly hot and arid (dry). Several different tribes settled in the region.

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The Southwest Desert

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  1. The Southwest Desert Chapter 2, Lesson 3 4-2.2

  2. The Pueblo • The Southwest Desert cultural region is mostly hot and arid (dry). • Several different tribes settled in the region. • The Hopi and Zuni developed a village way of life based on farming. As a result, they later became known as Pueblo Indians. • Pueblo is the Spanish word for village.

  3. Other Tribes • Other tribes in this region were the Apache, who were hunters and the Navajo, who raised sheep.

  4. Pueblo Indians are thought to be descended from the Anasazi, the “Old Ones” of the land around Four Corners. • Like the Anasazi, the Pueblo developed irrigation to grow corn, beans, squash, and cotton.

  5. Homes • The Pueblo villages looked like today’s apartment buildings, rising several stories off the ground. • The Hopi placed their villages on top of high mesas. These sites helped them defend themselves against enemies.

  6. The Hopi • Hopi men governed their villages, but women owned all the property and passed it down to their daughters. • Men were the weavers of cloth and women were the weavers of baskets. • The groom’s father wove the wedding robe for his son’s bride. • A woman from the bride’s family wove a special basket for the groom.

  7. The New for Rain • Rain is what tribes like the Hopi needed most to survive in their harsh, dry region. • They believed in beings called kachinas could bring them this rain and other kinds of help.

  8. Dance Ceremonies • Hopi dance ceremonies honored the kachinas and sought their aid. • These ceremonies started in a kiva, which is an underground chamber. A kiva symbolized the underworld, from which the Hopi people believed they came before entering this world. • In the kiva, the dancers put on masks showing the faces of the kachinas.

  9. Kachina dolls were given to young children but not as toys. They were given to help educate young Hopi about their religion. • Today, Hopi children still receive kachina dolls.

  10. The Snake Dance • The snake dance was another ceremony which dancers hoped would bring rain. • In the snake dance, dancers held rattlesnakes and other kinds of snakes in their teeth. • When the dance was over, the dancers released the snakes.

  11. Everyone in the community came to witness these ceremonies. • To prepare, they washed their hair with suds made from the yucca plant. • The men wore their hair hanging straight, under a knotted scarf or a broad-brimmed hat. • The married women wore the hairstyle called the “squash blossom” because it looked like the blossoms on a squash plant. • This hairstyle announced to the word that the young woman was ready for marriage.

  12. The Hopi Today • More than 7,000 Hopi live on a reservation in Arizona. • Their reservation is completely surrounded by the much larger Navajo reservation. • There have been tensions between the two tribes over land ownership. • The Hopi continue to live in villages. One of them is oraibi, built on a mesa. It is probably the oldest town in the U.S. • Many Hopi follow their traditions and customs such as the kachina dances and the snake dance.

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