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Simple Circuits

Simple Circuits. A simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning electric circuit. A simple circuit requires three things: voltage source conductive path resistor electrical device to use the energy. Simple Circuits. Some review:

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Simple Circuits

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  1. Simple Circuits • A simple circuit contains the minimum things needed to have a functioning electric circuit. A simple circuit requires three things: • voltage source • conductive path • resistor • electrical device to use the energy

  2. Simple Circuits • Some review: • The charges are positive so this is Conventional Current. • The charges are only flowing in one direction so this would be considered direct current ( D.C. ).

  3. Simple Circuits - Energy • In this animation you should notice the following things: • The battery or source is represented by an escalator which raises charges to a higher level of energy. • As the charges move through the resistor (represented by the paddle wheel) they do work on the resistor and as a result, they lose energy. • By the time each charge makes it back to the battery, it has lost all the energy given to it by the battery. This demonstrates that a charge can only do as much work as was done on it by the battery. The wires are ignored in terms of energy loss.

  4. Series and Parallel Circuits • What is the difference between a series circuit… • and a parallel circuit?

  5. Series Circuit • A series circuit has more than one resistor and gets its name from only having one path for the charges to move along. • Charges must move in "series" first going to one resistor then the next. • If one of the items in the circuit is broken then no charge will move through the circuit because there is only one path.

  6. Series Circuits • The following rules apply to a series circuit: • The sum of the potential drops equals the potential rise of the source. • The current is the same everywhere in the series circuit. • The total resistance of the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.

  7. For the circuit shown, determine (a) the equivalent resistance, (b) the currents through each resistor, and (c) the voltage drops across each resistor. Problem #1

  8. Parallel Circuits • A parallel circuit has more than one resistor (and gets its name from having multiple (parallel) paths to move along. • Charges can move through any of several paths. • If one of the items in the circuit is broken then no charge will move through that path, but other paths will continue to have charges flow through them. • Parallel circuits are found in most household electrical wiring.

  9. Parallel Circuits • The following rules apply to a parallel circuit: • The potential drops of each branch equals the potential rise of the source. • The total current is equal to the sum of the currents in the branches. • The inverse of the total resistance of the circuit is equal to the sum of the inverses of the individual resistances.

  10. For the circuit shown, determine (a) the equivalent resistance, (b) the currents through each resistor, and (c) the voltage drops across each resistor. Problem #2

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