Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System

1. Nationwide DifferentialGlobal Positioning System James A. Arnold Chairman State and Local Government Subcommittee Civil GPS Service Interface Committee Presented to: Wyoming Regional Meeting of the State and Local Government Subcommittee of the CGSIC Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

2. Topics • What is NDGPS? • Where did NDGPS come from? • Applications • Status • Research – HA-NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

3. Topics • What is NDGPS? • Where did NDGPS come from? • Applications • Status • Research – HA-NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

4. . ReferenceStation Differential GPS (DGPS) MaximumRange250 Miles400 Km Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

5. The Coast Guard developed the DGPS service to provide the high accuracy needed for harbor and river navigation. USDOT is expanding it inland. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

6. What does NDGPS give me?System Characteristics • Accuracy • 0.5 meter near the reference station • Add 1 meter/150 Km • Accuracy with Post Processing is 5 cm • Integrity • 5 seconds at 100 bps • 2.5 seconds at 200 bps Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

7. Why is Integrity Important? Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

8. Topics • What is NDGPS? • Where did NDGPS come from? • Applications • Status • Research – HA-NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

9. Participants DOT/OST Department of Commerce U.S. Coast Guard Department of Interior Federal Highway Administration Department of Agriculture Federal Railroad Administration Army Corps of Engineers Federal Aviation Administration U.S. Air Force Environmental Protection Agency Various States Interagency NDGPS Policy & Implementation Team • Plans to expand the system for land users began in January 1997 • Executive Steering Group • Policy & Implementation Team Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

10. Policy and Implementation TeamReport and Recommendation • Coast Guard DGPS • Can be easily expanded • Signal is not blocked by trees, hills, or buildings • Meets most land and maritime needs when post processing techniques are used • Executive Steering Group unanimously decided to expand the Coast Guard DGPS into a nationwide service Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

11. Public Law 105-66Section 346October 27, 1997 • Can be modified to provide high accuracy (better than 10 cm horizontal) in real time for surveying and land navigation needs • Provided Funding in Coast Guard’s budget to implement NDGPS • Reuse Air Force Ground Wave Emergency Network (GWEN) equipment and sites to augment installation of NDGPS • Integrate NDGPS into: • Coast Guard’s DGPS for operational control • National Geodetic Survey’s Continuously Operated Reference Stations (CORS) service for surveying applications • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Precipitable Water Vapor System for weather modeling • Ensure that the service is provided free of any user fees • Continually upgrade the system • Sponsor new applications Public Law Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

12. NDGPS Reference Station 299 FT TOWER 12 TOP-LOADING ELEMENTS SITE AREA (700x700 FT) GUY WIRES 4 FT HIGH FENCE 8 FT HIGH FENCE LF TRANSMIT ANTENNA TOWER AREA GRAVEL ACCESS ROAD TWIN 30 FOOT GPS REFERENCE STATION RECEIVE ANTENNA TOWERS 8 ft HIGH FENCE EQUIPMENT AREA FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AND BACKUP POWER GROUP SHELTERS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

13. Reference &Integrity Antennas Two sets of each 299 footBeaconAntenna DGPS EquipmentShelterThere is a similarshelter for the 25KVA generator Converted GWEN to NDGPSAppleton, WA Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

14. International Standard • NDGPS is designed to an international, non-proprietary standard • Compliant with RTCM SC-104 and ITU-R M.823 • Greatly increases market for manufacturers • Significantly reduces receiver costs • Signal is free to all users • ~40 countries operate compatible systems • Many other countries are planning systems • Resulting in a seamless international navigation system Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

15. Acceptance of the international standard is leading to a seamless worldwide service. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

16. Topics • What is NDGPS? • Where did NDGPS come from? • Applications • Status • Research – HA-NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

17. NDGPS RequirementsPositive Train Control • Provides Situational Awareness • Prevents accidents, saving over $60 million per year • Reduces fuel consumption by better pacing trains • Increases rail line capacity through closer train spacing, thus reducing the need for additional capital investment in plant and equipment Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

18. Major Railroad Lines A ubiquitous service with a high degree of accuracy & integrity is needed to improve railroad safety, efficiency & security. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

19. Other Uses ofNationwide DGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

20. Maritime Use DGPS guides every type of craft from small pleasure boats to large container ships Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

21. Army Corps of EngineersNDGPS in Dredging Army Corps of Engineers Needs 2 meter accuracy to Position their dredging ships Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

22. NDGPS use inSurveying GPS has revolutionized the surveying industry. NDGPS provides survey grade accuracy when used in post processing applications. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

23. Nationwide DGPSIntelligent Transportation System • Save lives, increase safety, increase efficiency: • Can provide improved GIS data • Reduced time to generate map • Improved accuracy. • Can provide drivers with situational awareness, reducing accidents • Potential for improved fleet management without increased infrastructure costs. • Improves tracking of hazardous or valuable assets. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

24. Hydrographic Surveys Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

25. NOAA’s Forecast Systems LabMeasuring Water Vapor NDGPS Site in Whitney, NE Water vapor is the most important component of weather and the least observed. NDGPS reference stations continuously measure the water vapor in the atmosphere above the reference station, thus greatly improving short term weather forecasts. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

26. The Natural Resource Conservation Service in USDA has spent $7 M and purchased 5,000 NDGPS receivers USDA does not have enough federal employees to met requirements of the new farm bill They plan to outsource 5,700 Technical Service Provider positions. Many TSP positions will need NDGPS as well. U.S. Department ofAgriculture Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

27. Benefits to Agriculture • Mapping Soil quality • Reducing use of pesticides and fertilizers • Monitoring crop yield NDGPS used in Precision Farming saves $5 to $14 per acre. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

28. Alternative Farm Income Photo and design courtesy of Franck Boynton, NAVTECH GPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

29. Nationwide DGPS Other Federal Agencies • 24 Federal Agencies have Public Safety needs • EPA - Locating 1.4 million hazardous material & waste sites • DOI (National Park Service) - • Search and Rescue, fire fighting and oil spills • DOE - Monitoring shipments of radioactive materials • DOJ - Locating FBI & DEA personnel in danger & tracking vehicle location • USDA - Fire fighting and resource management • Bureau of Land Management - mapping natural resources and tracking fire fighting equipment • USPS - tracking over 80,000 postal carriers Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

30. Nationwide DGPS State & Local Governments • Many State & Local Governments needs • Mapping transportation infrastructure • Responding to emergency 911 calls - Police, fire & ambulance • Monitoring police officers’ safety • Locating of fire hydrants in snow • Monitoring contaminatedstream and well water • Mapping & ManagingNatural Resources Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

31. University NAVSTARConsortium (UNAVCO) • UNAVCO is a non-profit organization that promotes high-precision geodetic & strain techniques using GPS. • Funded by NSF and NASA. • Uses dual-frequency GPS receivers to measure Plate Rigidity, Plate Movement, Plate Deformation, Plate Boundary Zones to the millimeter level. • NDGPS program has installed high stability antenna mounts & choke ring antennas at selected sites to meet UNAVCO needs. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

32. Topics • What is NDGPS? • Where did NDGPS come from? • Applications • Status • Research – HA-NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

33. US COAST GUARD/ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS AND PLANNED NATIONWIDE DIFFERENTIAL GPS SERVICE BROADCAST LOCATIONS Whidbey Island, WA Edinburg, ND Spokane, WA Upper Keweenaw, MI Great Falls, MT Medora, ND Whitefish Point, MI Ronan, MT Wenatchee, WA Pine River, MN Neebish Island, MI Appleton, WA Billings, MT Wisconsin Point, WI Penobscot, ME Medford, WI Fort Stevens, OR Clark, SD Cheboygan, MI Middlebury, VT Sturgeon Bay, WI Brunswick, ME Jackson, WY Saginaw Bay, MI Seneca, OR Milwaukee, WI Youngstown, NY Ledyard, IA Gooding, ID Onondaga, MI Hudson Falls, NY Portsmouth Harbor, NH Rawlins, WY Iowa City, IA Whitney, NE Klamath Falls, OR Elmira, NY Detroit, MI Acushnet, MA Sandy Hook, NJ Jack Creek, NV Cape Mendocino, CA Hawk Run, PA Pacific Junction, IA Moriches, NY Myton, UT Annapolis, MD St. Marys, WV Goodland, KS Austin, NV Chico, CA Pueblo, CO Cincinnati, OH Topeka, KS Hagerstown, MD Lincoln, CA Monterey, VA St. Louis, MO Henrieville, UT Driver, VA Louisville, KY Fayetteville, AR Hartsville, TN Martinsville, VA Pigeon Point, CA Knoxville, TN Greensboro, NC Canton, OK Flagstaff, AZ Beaufort, NC Bakersfield, CA Kirtland, NM Memphis, TN Summerfield, TX Fenner, CA Hackleburg, AL Point Arguello, CA Kensington, SC Bobo, MS Point Loma, CA Macon, GA Munday, TX Tucson, AZ Vicksburg, MS Grady, AL El Paso, TX Savanna, GA Odessa, Tx Millers Ferry, AL Mobile Point, AL Galveston, TX Icy Cape Langtry, TX Mount Chamberlain English Turn, LA Cape Canaveral, FL Umiat Aransas Pass, TX Egmont Key, FL Brooks Range Baird Mountains Miami, FL Endicott Mountains Ray Mountains Anderson Kokole Point, HI Tanana Delta Junction Unalakleet Key West, FL Gold Creek Existing Coast Guard/USACE Sites Potato Point McGrath Nationwide Sites Kenai Cape Hinchinbrook Upola Point, HI Pilot Point Gustavus Biorka Island Green - Operating Kodiak Pahoa, HI Annette Island Red - Planned Cold Bay Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

34. PLANNED NATIONWIDE DIFFERENTIAL GPS SERVICE BROADCAST LOCATIONS Edinburg, ND Great Falls, MT Wenatchee, WA Medford, WI Middlebury, VT Jackson, WY Seneca, OR Milwaukee, WI Ledyard, IA Gooding, ID Onondaga, MI Rawlins, WY Iowa City, IA Klamath Falls, OR Elmira, NY Jack Creek, NV Pacific Junction, IA St. Marys, WV Goodland, KS Austin, NV Cincinnati, OH Topeka, KS Monterey, VA Henrieville, UT Fayetteville, AR Martinsville, VA Knoxville, TN Greensboro, NC Canton, OK Bakersfield, CA Fenner, CA Bobo, MS Munday, TX Tucson, AZ Grady, AL El Paso, TX Odessa, Tx Langtry, TX Existing Coast Guard/USACE Sites Nationwide Sites Green - Operating Red - Planned Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

35. NDGPS Coverage July 2003 Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

36. Topics • What is NDGPS? • Where did NDGPS come from? • Applications • Status • Research – HA-NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

37. High Accuracy NDGPS ProgramBuilding a Nationwide Centimeter System Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

38. Program Objectives • Enable 3-d dynamic positioning at the centimeter level throughout the NDGPS network • Coexist with the current NDGPS broadcast • Minimize the incremental cost of adding HA-NDGPS to NDGPS sites • Utilize existing broadcast antenna, reference stations, and site infrastructure • Incremental cost <$75K/ existing site Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

39. Broadcast Site Configuration DATA FORMATTER OBSERVABLES MODULATOR REFERENCE STATION CORRECTIONS DSP/Analog Card Rack Mount PC TRANSMITTER DGPS/NDGPS DIPLEXER TO ANTENNA TRANSMITTER HIGH ACCURACY DGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

40. High Accuracy NDGPS Applications • Lane-keeping in land transportation applications • More accurate and efficient land, marine and aerial surveying and mapping • Minimize vessel under-keel clearance and enable autodocking in maritime applications • Precision agriculture • Machine control (Agriculture, Construction) • Snowplowing highways in whiteout conditions • Rail defect location and automated rail surveying Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

41. High Accuracy NDGPSR&D, Prototype, StandardDevelopment & Implementation • The prototype High Accuracy NDGPS site operating in Hagerstown, MD, proves that 10 centimeter accuracy is achievable in real-time at ranges of 150 miles from the reference station • R&D funding will investigate improvements in accuracy, integrity and overall signal robustness • Finalize standard and implement at all 125 NDGPS sites (including original Coast Guard sites) Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

42. Accuracy of HA-NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)

43. Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management Army Corpsof Engineers Department Of Transportation Department Of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Federal Railroad Administration Success Through Teamwork Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS)