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The Zhou and Qin Dynasties

The Zhou and Qin Dynasties. Early Zhou. 1050 B.C. – Zhou defeat Shang Book of Documents describes conquest as a victory of noble warriors over decadent and corrupt rulers Relationship between ruler and Heaven – Son of Heaven Mandate of Heaven – propaganda?. Early Zhou.

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The Zhou and Qin Dynasties

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  1. The Zhou and Qin Dynasties

  2. Early Zhou • 1050 B.C. – Zhou defeat Shang • Book of Documents describes conquest as a victory of noble warriors over decadent and corrupt rulers • Relationship between ruler and Heaven – Son of Heaven • Mandate of Heaven – propaganda?

  3. Early Zhou • Decentralized feudal system • Relatives and trusted aristocracy given rule over a conquered territory – Lords • Lords divide land • By 800 B.C. about 200 separate domains • Jobs and titles become hereditary • Problem?

  4. Early Zhou • Lords stop following commands of king • Each generation becomes less loyal to the king • King is killed in 771 B.C. • Why do we say the Zhou lasts until 221 B.C.?

  5. Warring States Period • Murdered king’s son takes throne and capital moves to the east. • Zhou dynasty, while still in existence, never regains control of the lords. • Lack of a centralized government • Constant warfare • Code of Conduct/Sportsmanship/ “Chivalry”

  6. Zhou Social Structure • Began as very rigid • Everyone had inherited ranks • Patrilineal society

  7. Zhou Social Structure Changed during Warring States Period As importance of military increases, so does the people that create armor and weapons Leaders want more people to produce goods Farmers become more important Less powerful gain some sense of power

  8. Zhou Social Structure • Women in politics • Concubines • Try to win favor for their sons – become heirs • Men believe women can’t be trusted to put the welfare of others ahead of their own interests

  9. Qin Dynasty • King Zheng gains power in 221 B.C. • Creates title of “emperor” (huangdi) and declares himself “First Emperor” (Shihuangdi) • Legalist – importance of laws and regulations

  10. Qin Dynasty • Regulations • Nobles forced to capital city • Chooses government officials to administer confiscated land • Requirements for how and when to report to him • Penalties for bad performance • Administrators owe their position and power to the emperor – loyalty

  11. Qin Dynasty • Census • Organize public works projects • Estimate tax revenue • Military service • Standardized Chinese script, weights and measures, coins, even axle length of carts • Roads for army movement

  12. Qin Dynasty Outlawed private possession of arms Burned books – felt scholars affected his popular support and diminished his accomplishments

  13. Qin Dynasty • Great Wall • “Rammed-earth” fortification • Connected previous walls • Protection from northern invasions

  14. Great Wall

  15. Qin Dynasty • First Emperor obessed with immortality • Lavish burial tomb • Nearby tomb – Terra Cotta Army

  16. Terra Cotta Army

  17. Terra Cotta Army

  18. Qin Dynasty • First Emperor dies in 210 B.C. • Legalist government depended on the strength of the ruler • No system for succession • Heir is killed by younger brother • Uprisings follow that will eventually lead to the Han… THE GLORIOUS HAN!

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