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Chapter 2 – The Chemistry of Life

Chapter 2 – The Chemistry of Life. Biology. Why Chemistry?. Why are we learning Chemistry in a Biology Class??? There are many reasons! All living things can be broken down into tiny pieces that Chemistry studies All processes that go on in living things go through chemical reactions

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Chapter 2 – The Chemistry of Life

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  1. Chapter 2 – The Chemistry of Life Biology

  2. Why Chemistry? Why are we learning Chemistry in a Biology Class??? There are many reasons! All living things can be broken down into tiny pieces that Chemistry studies All processes that go on in living things go through chemical reactions Chemistry is the basis of life

  3. Biochemistry Biochemistry – The study of the chemicals of living things Carbon based substances make up all living things. The study of these substances is called Organic Chemistry

  4. Basic Unit of Matter We know what the basic unit of life is called…don’t we? Well if we break down cells, they are made up of much smaller substances, the most basic of them being Atoms Atom – The basic unit of matter

  5. Atomic Structure Atoms are made up of three smaller parts called Subatomic Particles Do you know what these are? Protons Neutrons Electrons

  6. The Atom The nucleus is in the center The electrons orbit the nucleus

  7. Protons Protons make an atom what it is The number of protons determines what type of atom it is Protons are found in the nucleus Protons are positively charged

  8. Neutrons Neutrons have no charge Neutrons and protons have very similar masses Neutrons are found bound very closely to protons They are located in the nucleus

  9. Electrons Electrons orbit the nucleus Electrons have a negative charge Electrons are much smaller than protons and neutrons and have much less mass Electrons are key when it comes to bonding…we’ll get to that later

  10. Elements Element – A pure substance made up of only 1 kind of atom The # of protons determine the element What are some examples? (DNW) Every element can be found on the…(DNW)

  11. Elements Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen Nitrogen

  12. Atomic Number = Number of Protons in the Nucleus (Also tells how many electrons an atom has) Atomic Symbol – 1 or 2 letters Atomic Name Atomic Mass – Average mass of the atom How to read the Periodic Table Mass Number (not pictured) is the number of protons + neutrons

  13. Chemical Compounds Chemical Compounds – A substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements

  14. Molecules Molecules – The smallest unit of a compound

  15. Bonding Bonds are electrical forces that link atoms together There are two main types of bonds that we will discuss

  16. Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds – Formed when electrons are shared between atoms

  17. Ionic Bonds Ionic Bonds – Formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another These create ‘ions’ or ‘charged particles’

  18. Lets Review What are the three subatomic particles and their charges? A pure substance with only one type of atom is called a what? What are the two types of bonds and what’s the difference? What is a compound?

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