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Is the principle instrument for accomplishing bacterial plaque removal. Many different designs have been manufacturedPatients usually uses brushes selected on the basis of cost, availability, advertising claims, family tradition, or habitBecause of the variety in shapes, sizes, textures, and
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3. Many different designs have been manufactured
Patients usually uses brushes selected on the basis of cost, availability, advertising claims, family tradition, or habit
Because of the variety in shapes, sizes, textures, and other characteristics
Dental professionals must become familiar with the many available products to advise patients appropriately
4. Characteristics of an effective toothbrush Conforms to individual patient requirements
Easily and efficiently manipulated
Is readily cleaned
Is durable and inexpensive
Flexible, soft, and of strength, rigidity and lightness of the handle
Has end rounded filaments or bristles
6. I. Influencing factors Patient
Gingiva
Position of teeth
Shape of teeth and exposed roots
Personal preferences
Method selected
7. II. Toothbrush size and shape Must be able to adapt to all facial, lingual, palatal, and occlusal surfaces for bacterial plaque removal
8. III. Soft nylon brush More effective in cleaning the cervical area
Less traumatic to the gingival tissue
Can be directed into the sulcus and interproximal areas
Applicable around fixed orthodontic appliances
9. Prevention of tooth abrasion and/or gingival recession
More effective use for sensitive gingiva in severe gingivitis, ANUG, or during healing stages
11. Complete tooth brushing instruction for patients involves teaching;
What, when, where and how
The grasp of the brush
The sequence and amount of brushing
Supplementary brushing for occlusal surfaces and the tongue
Effect from improper brushing
Care of the tooth brushings
13. The emphasis in patient education should be placed on complete plaque control rather than on number of brushing
At least two brushing with interdental cleaning is recommended for control of bacterial plaque and halitosis prevention
A night brushing before bed time should be encouraged
15. Sulcular:Bass
Roll: Rolling stroke, modified Stillman
Vibratory:Stillman, Bass, Charters
Circular
Vertical
Horizontal
Scrub-brush
17. Purpose and indications For bacterial plaque removal adjacent to and directly beneath the gingival margin
For open inter proximal areas, cervical areas and exposed root surfaces
For adaptation to abutment teeth, under the gingival border of a fixed partial denture and orthodontic appliances
18. Problems Change the very short strokes into vigorous scrub that causes injury to the gingival margin
Dexterity requirement may be too high for certain patients
19. Two brushes for home use and a third in a portable container for use at work
Frequent replacement recommended
Brushes should be replaced before filaments become splayed, frayed or lose resiliency
Clean thoroughly after each use
Brushes should be kept in open air with head in an upright position, apart from contact with other brushes.
21. Purpose and indications Cleaning gingiva and bacterial plaque without emphasis on gingival sulcus
Meant for children
Useful in preparatory instruction for Modified Stillman method
22. Problems Brushing too high during initial placement can lacerate the alveolar mucosa
Use too quickly results in no brushing for the cervical third of the tooth
Brush with filaments tip directed into gingiva causes gingival laceration
24. Purpose and indications Bacterial plaque removal from cervical areas and exposed proximal surfaces
General application for cleaning tooth surfaces and massage of the gingiva
25. Problems Without careful placement and using a brush with end-rounded filaments, tissue laceration can result.
Light pressure is needed
Patient may try to move the brush too quickly and the vibratory effect may be ineffective at the gingival margin
27. Purpose and indications Loosen debris and bacterial plaque
Massage and stimulate marginal and interdental gingiva
Removes plaque from proximal areas
Adapt to cervical areas and to exposed root surfaces
Cleanse orthodontic appliance
28. Problems Brush end do not engage the gingival sulcus to remove subgingival bacterial plaque accumulation
In some areas, the correct brush placement is limited or impossible
Requirements in digital dexterity are high
30. Electrical tooth brushes are equally effective in removing plaque, prevent calculus, and reduce the incidence of gingivitis to the manual tooth brushes
The motion of the brush varies from rotational, counter-rotational and oscillating counter- rotational
The speed varies from low to high among the different models
31. Purpose and indications To facilitate mechanical bacterial plaque removal
Especially helpful for people who lack the manual dexterity
Patients with special dental treatment
33. Problem areas Facially displaced teeth
Inclined teeth
Exposed roots
Overlapped teeth or wide embrasures
Surface of teeth next to edentulous area
Exposed furcation area
Right canine and lateral incisor
Distal surfaces of most posterior teeth
35. Objectives Loosen plaque microorganisms packed in pits and fissures
Removes plaque deposit from occlusal surfaces of teeth out of occlusion or not used during mastication
Remove plaque from margins of restorations
Clean pits and fissures to prepare for sealants
37. Total mouth cleanliness includes tongue care Microorganisms of the tongue
Effects of cleaning the tongue
Brushing procedures
Tongue scraper
39. Acute oral inflammation or traumatic lesion
Following periodontal surgery
Acute stage of ANUG
Following dental extraction
Following dental restoration
41. Two brushes for home use and a third in a portable container for use at work
Frequent replacement recommended
Brushes should be replaced before filaments become splayed, frayed or lose resiliency
Clean thoroughly after each use
Brushes should be kept in open air with head in an upright position, apart from contact with other brushes.