Preparing for Soybean Rust: Reading the Fungicide Label

1. Preparing for Soybean Rust:Reading the Fungicide Label Presenter Notes: You can print out section 3 labels from the Greenbook website: www.greenbook.net and section 18 labels from the Office of Indiana State Chemist website, Pesticide section: https://www.isco.purdue.edu/pesticide/index_pest1.html The labels can be copied and distributed, or made into overheads and substituted for slides 7 and 9 for additional discussion. You may wish to review for reference, Bernie Engel�s powerpoint �Potential Water Quality Impacts of Fungicide Applications in Indiana,� linked on the PARP Educator Resources webpage. Customize the title slide as you wish.Presenter Notes: You can print out section 3 labels from the Greenbook website: www.greenbook.net and section 18 labels from the Office of Indiana State Chemist website, Pesticide section: https://www.isco.purdue.edu/pesticide/index_pest1.html The labels can be copied and distributed, or made into overheads and substituted for slides 7 and 9 for additional discussion. You may wish to review for reference, Bernie Engel�s powerpoint �Potential Water Quality Impacts of Fungicide Applications in Indiana,� linked on the PARP Educator Resources webpage. Customize the title slide as you wish.

2. Indiana soybean farmers are facing for the first time the potentially devastating outbreak of Asian soybean rust. This disease can be managed with fungicide applications until the time that soybean varieties resistant to rust are developed. Fungicides are a pesticide just like the herbicides and insecticides soybean farmers typically apply. However, applications are different�volume of water, higher pressure, slower application speed�and fungicides pose different kinds of risk to the applicator, other crops, and the environment. This series of pictures shows progress of rust in a field. At day 1 there is no evidence of rust from where the photographer stood (infection was already established, however). By day 6, leaves are bronzed because of all the pustules that have broken out. By day 13 leaves are turning yellow and dropping off. By day 27 plants are defoliated. Note green pods with poorly developed seeds.Indiana soybean farmers are facing for the first time the potentially devastating outbreak of Asian soybean rust. This disease can be managed with fungicide applications until the time that soybean varieties resistant to rust are developed. Fungicides are a pesticide just like the herbicides and insecticides soybean farmers typically apply. However, applications are different�volume of water, higher pressure, slower application speed�and fungicides pose different kinds of risk to the applicator, other crops, and the environment. This series of pictures shows progress of rust in a field. At day 1 there is no evidence of rust from where the photographer stood (infection was already established, however). By day 6, leaves are bronzed because of all the pustules that have broken out. By day 13 leaves are turning yellow and dropping off. By day 27 plants are defoliated. Note green pods with poorly developed seeds.

3. Soybean farmers typically use the same products year-to-year and have become familiar with the rates, warnings, setbacks, etc. found on herbicides and insecticides. If an outbreak of soybean rust occurs, it is important to read and follow the entire fungicide label before making application because of the differences in applying fungicides.Soybean farmers typically use the same products year-to-year and have become familiar with the rates, warnings, setbacks, etc. found on herbicides and insecticides. If an outbreak of soybean rust occurs, it is important to read and follow the entire fungicide label before making application because of the differences in applying fungicides.

4. Fungicide Label Section 3 Attached to jug, minibulk, etc. Section 18 Emergency use exemption provided by retailer The label instructions for the soybean rust fungicides currently on the market can consist of two components. Section 3: the label attached to the product on the jug, minibulk, etc. Section 18: Emergency use exemption in some cases. The label instructions for the soybean rust fungicides currently on the market can consist of two components. Section 3: the label attached to the product on the jug, minibulk, etc. Section 18: Emergency use exemption in some cases.

5. Section 3 Label How to use product Safety equipment Most labeled for use on vegetables, cotton, rice. The section 3 label has the typical instructions on how to use the product and the rate for your crop. The label lists the required safety equipment specific to that product. Most section 3 labels are labeled for use on vegetables, cotton and rice this label will not have information for applying the fungicide to soybeans.The section 3 label has the typical instructions on how to use the product and the rate for your crop. The label lists the required safety equipment specific to that product. Most section 3 labels are labeled for use on vegetables, cotton and rice this label will not have information for applying the fungicide to soybeans.

6. Section 3 Label Bravo, Echo, Equus Quadris Alto Quadris Xtra Bumper, Tilt Avaris, Quilt, Quilt Xcel Stratego Topguard Evito Proline Headline Folicur, Orius 3.6 F Domark chlorothalonil azoxystrobin cyproconazole cyproconazole+azoxystrobin propriconazole propriconazole+azoxystrobin propriconazole+trifloxystrobin flutriafol * fluoxastrobin prothioconazole pyraclostrobin tebuconazole tetraconazole Updated June 2010 Added in 2010Updated June 2010 Added in 2010

8. Section 18 Label Rates and number of applications for soybeans. Time before entry (REI). Application restrictions before harvest (PHI). Temporary, state-specific. The section 18 label is an additional, one-page document. It is an emergency exemption. It gives the information on applying the fungicide to soybeans, ie number of applications allowed per year, rate per acre, time before entry after application, application restrictions before harvest, and general environmental precautions. REI = Re-entry Interval PHI = Pre harvest Interval Section 18 labels are temporary and specific for each state. Farmers are required to have the section 18 for the state where they apply the fungicide. The section 18 label is an additional, one-page document. It is an emergency exemption. It gives the information on applying the fungicide to soybeans, ie number of applications allowed per year, rate per acre, time before entry after application, application restrictions before harvest, and general environmental precautions. REI = Re-entry Interval PHI = Pre harvest Interval Section 18 labels are temporary and specific for each state. Farmers are required to have the section 18 for the state where they apply the fungicide.

9. Note the section 18 emergency exemption is specific for soybeans in Indiana, and the effective time period. Note the section 18 emergency exemption is specific for soybeans in Indiana, and the effective time period.

10. Products with Section 18 label for soybeans: Alto (cyproconazole) Caramba (metconazole) Punch, Punch Base (fusilazole) Topguard (flutriafol) Section 18 Label Products update March 2008Products update March 2008

11. Must have and follow Section 3 + Section 18 Labels Farmers are obligated to follow precautions on the section 3 AND the application directions for soybeans on the Section 18 label. In this way you get the safety equipment and the precautions of using the product plus the application directions needed to spray your beans. Ag dealers are required to give the section 18 label at the time of purchase. Section 18 labels can also be printed form the Plant & Pest Diagnostic Lab website listed. http://www.ppdl.purdue.edu/ppdl/SBR/SBR_IN_fungicides_table.htmlFarmers are obligated to follow precautions on the section 3 AND the application directions for soybeans on the Section 18 label. In this way you get the safety equipment and the precautions of using the product plus the application directions needed to spray your beans. Ag dealers are required to give the section 18 label at the time of purchase. Section 18 labels can also be printed form the Plant & Pest Diagnostic Lab website listed. http://www.ppdl.purdue.edu/ppdl/SBR/SBR_IN_fungicides_table.html

12. Drift precautions Drift potential � high volume, high pressure Drift counteracted by � slower speeds, booms closer to canopy The high volume and high pressure applications of fungicides raises the potential for spray drift. Spraying may also have to be done in less than favorable conditions in order to cover many acres in a short amount of time. This potential problem will likely be offset by driving a slower speeds and lowering the booms close to the canopy to gain the coverage needed to control soybean rust. The labels are very clear on drift. Labels contain the common line �do not apply when weather conditions favor movement from the treated area.� This is called �enforceable language.� In most cases drift will not result in plant damage. Complaints are most likely to occur when people are inadvertently sprayed with drift. The high volume and high pressure applications of fungicides raises the potential for spray drift. Spraying may also have to be done in less than favorable conditions in order to cover many acres in a short amount of time. This potential problem will likely be offset by driving a slower speeds and lowering the booms close to the canopy to gain the coverage needed to control soybean rust. The labels are very clear on drift. Labels contain the common line �do not apply when weather conditions favor movement from the treated area.� This is called �enforceable language.� In most cases drift will not result in plant damage. Complaints are most likely to occur when people are inadvertently sprayed with drift.

13. Azoxystrobin concern Severe damage can occur to some apple varieties with fungicides containing azoxystrobin as an active ingredient. Products containing azoxystrobin (Quadris, Quilt) state �Do not spray where spray drift may reach apple trees.� IF planning to use these products check the surrounding area for orchards and apple trees in backyards. Apply these products with extra care to prevent drift or choose a different product for fields located near apple trees.Severe damage can occur to some apple varieties with fungicides containing azoxystrobin as an active ingredient. Products containing azoxystrobin (Quadris, Quilt) state �Do not spray where spray drift may reach apple trees.� IF planning to use these products check the surrounding area for orchards and apple trees in backyards. Apply these products with extra care to prevent drift or choose a different product for fields located near apple trees.

14. Stay on target Check wind speed and direction. Calibrate sprayer. Know surrounding area. Drive slow and lower boom. Be courteous. As always, make handling drift complaints top priority. Stay on target with these familiar drift precautions: check wind speed and directions, calibrate sprayer, know the surrounding area, drive slower and lower the boom, be courteous to neighbors. As you�ve done in the past make handling drift complaints a top priority.Stay on target with these familiar drift precautions: check wind speed and directions, calibrate sprayer, know the surrounding area, drive slower and lower the boom, be courteous to neighbors. As you�ve done in the past make handling drift complaints a top priority.

15. Concerns for aquatic wildlife Fungicides considered moderately to highly toxic to fish, aquatic life (mussels, crawfish, etc.) Label, �Do Not Apply Directly to Water� Section 3 label may list setbacks from water. OISC recommends 60 ft. setback from surface water for all fungicide applications. Fungicides can potentially harm fish, mussels, and other aquatic wildlife. Because of this potential risk fungicide labels have language similar to herbicide labels, �Do not apply directly to water.� The labeled field-use rates for soybeans likely not reach the toxic level in a fish pond or large body of water. EXCEPT!! � Fungicides with chlorothalonil (Bravo, Echo) and pyraclostrobin (Headline). Labeled rates could reach harmful levels in surface water. Extra caution needed when applying close to fish farms or other water sources. Sources: University of Arkansas and Bernie Engel, ABE. Some products state specific setback distances from water listed on the Section 3 label. These setbacks are critical because they protect endangered species if no setback is listed, follow the listed label precautions to keep fungicides out of surface water. Office of Indiana State Chemist recommends a 60 ft. setback of untreated area from surface water when applying any fungicide. Presenter Note: this is a recommendation only. Setback requirements listed on the label should always be followed before recommendations. Greg Shaner, extension specialist Botany & Plant Pathology, has stated, �Although rust could appear on untreated soybean plants within the setback area, those plants are not likely to infect the rest of a field with rust. There could be many other infected areas that could serve as inoculant for the rest of a field, including nearby unsprayed fields and other host plants.�Fungicides can potentially harm fish, mussels, and other aquatic wildlife. Because of this potential risk fungicide labels have language similar to herbicide labels, �Do not apply directly to water.� The labeled field-use rates for soybeans likely not reach the toxic level in a fish pond or large body of water. EXCEPT!! � Fungicides with chlorothalonil (Bravo, Echo) and pyraclostrobin (Headline). Labeled rates could reach harmful levels in surface water. Extra caution needed when applying close to fish farms or other water sources. Sources: University of Arkansas and Bernie Engel, ABE. Some products state specific setback distances from water listed on the Section 3 label. These setbacks are critical because they protect endangered species if no setback is listed, follow the listed label precautions to keep fungicides out of surface water. Office of Indiana State Chemist recommends a 60 ft. setback of untreated area from surface water when applying any fungicide. Presenter Note: this is a recommendation only. Setback requirements listed on the label should always be followed before recommendations. Greg Shaner, extension specialist Botany & Plant Pathology, has stated, �Although rust could appear on untreated soybean plants within the setback area, those plants are not likely to infect the rest of a field with rust. There could be many other infected areas that could serve as inoculant for the rest of a field, including nearby unsprayed fields and other host plants.�

16. Endangered Species OISC website lists the federal endangered species found in Indiana.https://www.isco.purdue.edu/pesticide/index_pest1.html Endangered species inhabit 70 Indiana counties. Presenter Notes: You may wish to review the OISC website of endangered species prior to presentation at https://www.isco.purdue.edu/pesticide/soybean_rust_fungicides_impact.html The map selected shows only the counties with endangered species of mussels, not all 70. Presenter Notes: You may wish to review the OISC website of endangered species prior to presentation at https://www.isco.purdue.edu/pesticide/soybean_rust_fungicides_impact.html The map selected shows only the counties with endangered species of mussels, not all 70.

17. Certification To date, no Restricted Use Pesticides (RUP). Private applicator certification not required. To date, the fungicides approved for controlling soybean rust are not restricted use pesticides and therefore do not require a private applicator�s permit to purchase and apply. Pesticide records although not required are beneficial to keep track of the number of applications, rates, dates, etc. so that future plans can be made. IT is possible that additional fungicides approved for control of soybean rust may be restricted. Check with your local ag retail dealer and look for the box on the label �Restricted Use Pesticide.�To date, the fungicides approved for controlling soybean rust are not restricted use pesticides and therefore do not require a private applicator�s permit to purchase and apply. Pesticide records although not required are beneficial to keep track of the number of applications, rates, dates, etc. so that future plans can be made. IT is possible that additional fungicides approved for control of soybean rust may be restricted. Check with your local ag retail dealer and look for the box on the label �Restricted Use Pesticide.�

18. Certification questions Can I spray my neighbor�s field for hire? A: Private applicators cannot spray for hire with their certification. Spraying for hire requires: 1. Commercial category 1a certification 2. Proof of insurance 3. Business license

19. Certification questions Will my farm insurance cover drift damage? A: Yes. If damage occurs to neighbors� crops or plants when spraying your own crops. Coverage differs?check your policy. A: No. Typical farm insurance does not cover compensation from drift damage when spraying for hire. Business liability insurance is required.

20. Certification questions Business insurance is expensive. How can I spray for hire? A: Some ag retail dealers are hiring farmers and sprayers. Requires �Registered Technician� (RT) certification and affiliation with ag retail business. RT certification = pesticide core exam IF a private applicator is not sure if the core exam or private applicator exam was taken for their certification, they can call the Office of Indiana State Chemist to verify 765/494-6271.IF a private applicator is not sure if the core exam or private applicator exam was taken for their certification, they can call the Office of Indiana State Chemist to verify 765/494-6271.

21. Conclusion Read and following instructions from Section 3 and Section 18 labels. Keep out of water�follow any setbacks. Watch weather�Spray smart. Handle drift complaints promptly. Have correct license to spray for hire. Fungicides are an important tool to control soybean rust. Farmers are most interested in rates and timings of fungicides. Since fungicides do pose additional risks to the applicator and the environment it is important to read both the section 3 and section 18 labels to insure safe, effective applications.Fungicides are an important tool to control soybean rust. Farmers are most interested in rates and timings of fungicides. Since fungicides do pose additional risks to the applicator and the environment it is important to read both the section 3 and section 18 labels to insure safe, effective applications.