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Six current MPA Projects:

BCLME. KwaZulu-Natal. Agulhas Bioregion. Offshore MPAs. Prince Edward Islands. Six current MPA Projects:. National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment. Bioregions. (Namib Bioregion). Delagoa Bioregion. Sea-PLAN. Namaqua Bioregion. Natal Bioregion. South-western Cape Bioregion. 30 m.

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Six current MPA Projects:

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  1. BCLME KwaZulu-Natal Agulhas Bioregion Offshore MPAs Prince Edward Islands Six current MPA Projects: National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment

  2. Bioregions (Namib Bioregion) Delagoa Bioregion Sea-PLAN Namaqua Bioregion Natal Bioregion South-western Cape Bioregion 30 m Agulhas Bioregion Dr Jean Harris KZN-Wildife 150 m KwaZulu-Natal

  3. FINE-SCALE (high resolution/detail) Suitable for local scale management interventions PLANNING AREA Provincial waters out to the EEZ (200 nm)

  4. 1. PATTERNS • Shoreline • Habitats • Species • Offshore • Bathymetry • Reefs • Geology • Canyons • 2. PROCESSES • Oceanography • Fish spawning areas • Fish nursery areas • Fish migrations • Predictable aggregations • Dispersal routes • 3. THREATS • (lots)

  5. 1. PATTERNS CLASSIFICATION OF MARINE BIODIVERSITY

  6. SHORELINE BIODIVERSITY MAPPING Mapping the shoreline at 100m intervals

  7. Data mapped onto high resolution colour aerial photos

  8. Beach Type: Refl Deans: 1.067 Avg Grain Size: 425 µm Wave Height: 0.9m Wave Freq: 4 min-1 Slope: 1/12 B R X F S SANDY SHORES (Ronel Nel) Three major beach types were identified and mapped: 1. Reflective beaches 2. Intermediate beaches 3. Dissipative beaches 314 transects

  9. SPECIES Seaweeds Other invertebrates • Fish • Birds Sponges

  10. Species being mapped spatially (Kerry Sink) • Fisheries importance • 2. Over exploited species • 3. Threatened species • IUCN 2006 Red list • South African Mammal Red data book • National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment • Priority linefish species for conservation • CITES Listed • 4. Endemic species • 5. Rare species • 6. Other species of concern (NGOs, User Groups, Literature)

  11. 1. PATTERNS • Shoreline • Habitats • Species • Offshore • Bathymetry • Reefs • Geology • Canyons • 2. PROCESSES • Oceanography • Fish spawning areas • Fish nursery areas • Fish migrations • Predictable aggregations • Dispersal routes • 3. THREATS

  12. OFFSHORE BATHYMETRY - DEPTH Council for Marine Geoscience

  13. Reefs – Photic BioZones Shallow Reefs 2-10m (Sean Porter) Deep reefs >40m Kerry Sink 10-30 m (Cloverley Lawrence)

  14. Reef positions – compiled data, all sources

  15. OFFSHORE HABITAT MAPPING Canyons Seafloor Geology

  16. OFFSHORE HABITAT MAPPING

  17. 1. PATTERNS • Shoreline • Habitats • Species • Offshore • Bathymetry • Reefs • Geology • Canyons • 2. PROCESSES • Oceanography • Fish spawning areas • Fish nursery areas • Fish migrations • Predictable aggregations • Dispersal routes • 3. THREATS

  18. 2. PROCESSES Oceanography Offshore “Domains” – 1km x 1km Defined by ……. • * Depth • * Turbidity • * Temperature • * Chlorophyll • * Sediment type

  19. Sea surface temperature Chlorophyll

  20. Turbidity Data Analysis based on colour • 5 categories

  21. Oceanographic Provinces Bakun (Ocean triads)

  22. 3. Threats & degree of impact/transformation • Commercial exploitation • Subsistence and small scale commercial use • Recreational fishing • Shark control installations • Aquarium trade – commercial • Aquarium trade - recreational • Ornamental shell trade • Mariculture • Alien invasive species • Mining • Shipping • Pollution • Non-extractive recreational activities • Coastal development and access • Natural threats e.g. cyclones • Disease • Climate change

  23. Commercial Exploitation

  24. Issues & challenges? * Offshore profiles as proxy for biodiversity - test * Integrating estuaries * Measuring threat intensity * Threats vs vulnerability * Setting targets * Connectivity & proximity factors

  25. Bioregions (Namib Bioregion) Delagoa Bioregion Namaqua Bioregion Natal Bioregion South-western Cape Bioregion 30 m Agulhas Bioregion 150 m

  26. FINE to MEDIUM-SCALE Suitable for bioregional prioritisation PLANNING AREA Bioregional waters out to 30 m depth

  27. Used MARXAN to site new MPAs using coastline accessibility (by foot or boats) as a cost factor

  28. Costs • Foot access • Boat access Features • Intertidal habitats (1:5000) • Reef fish abundance (1 km coastal segments) • Coastal dune systems (exact locations) • Marine geology (surrogate for different reef types, 1:2million) • Conservation planning analyses • MARXAN (1 km coastal planning units) • Meet targets • Avoid areas of high cost • Cluster solutions

  29. Feature 1: Intertidal habitats (1:5000)

  30. Feature 2: Reef fish abundance (1 km coastal segments)

  31. Feature 3: Proposed coastal dune reserves (exact locations, Tinley 1985)

  32. Feature 4: Subtidal geology (1:2 million)

  33. Costs Accessibility model

  34. Priority areas avoided coastlines with high cost (accessibility)

  35. 19 Priority areas

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