1 / 12

血鑽石

血鑽石. Blood Diamonds Or Conflict Diamonds. A diamond lasts forever …. 美麗的背後呢？. 一顆鑽石叫耀眼 兩顆鑽石叫炫目 多顆鑽石才叫奢華 鑽石的份量該與人生的淬煉成正比 挑惕亮度的深度女人，當然奢華. What is a conflict diamond?.

teddy
Download Presentation

血鑽石

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 血鑽石 Blood Diamonds Or Conflict Diamonds

  2. A diamond lasts forever …

  3. 美麗的背後呢？ • 一顆鑽石叫耀眼 • 兩顆鑽石叫炫目 • 多顆鑽石才叫奢華 • 鑽石的份量該與人生的淬煉成正比 • 挑惕亮度的深度女人，當然奢華

  4. What is a conflict diamond? • A blood diamond (also called a conflict diamond, dirty diamond or a war diamond) is a diamond mined in a war zone and sold, usually clandestinely, in order to finance an insurgent or invading army's war efforts. 資料引用：維基百科

  5. A conflict diamond • The UN formally defines a conflict diamond as a "diamond that originates from areas controlled by forces or factions opposed to legitimate and internationally recognized governments, and are used to fund military action in opposition to those governments, or in contravention of the decisions of the Security Council." In short, a conflict diamond is any diamond that is mined from an area in which there is war, or armed conflict.

  6. 沾染血腥的鑽石 • 西南部非洲的安哥拉叛亂集團，從ㄹ㤲年起出口數十億美元的鑽石，作為支援內亂戰事之用，以致於征戰連年，造成無數無辜民眾死亡與流離失所。

  7. Diamonds Producers Map Source: BBC

  8. 慶伯利進程認證機制，KPCS • The Kimberly Process Certification Scheme, KPCS • 2003年1月在聯合國191個會員國一致支持下正式生效。 • KPCS做為國際間各國進行鑽石交易時，建立政府認證程序的遵行規範，以限制粗鑽非法交易，會員國可拒絕與非會員國進行鑽石交易往來，以防堵武裝衝突勢力利用鑽石貿易作為集資管道。

  9. KPCS成員國

  10. 人道與自由貿易孰重？ • KCPS的人道設計事實上與WTO原則抵觸 • WTO成員必須遵守：最惠國原則、非歧視公平貿易原則 • 參與KCPS之WTO成員基於人道而抵制血腥鑽石交易時，即可能違反WTO下支最惠國待遇的義務。 註：根據GATT內容，坔O會員應恪遵最惠國待遇原則，除了例如對於區域經濟協定成員優惠，或給予開發中國家普遍優惠性關稅（GSP）等少數例外，其給予之優惠待遇應無條件適用於其他所有WTO會員。

  11. 解決之道 • 2003年5月，WTO理事會通過由KPCS會員提出之義務豁免申請。 • 所有參加KPCS之WTO會員皆可免除在執行KPCS規範時，得以豁免WTO之最惠國原則。 • 亦即，WTO在涉及到人類安全與發展的問題時，能夠採取合宜、並且是符合大眾期待的彈性立場。

  12. 成效 • 明星效應比國際組織呼應較為有效？ • 2007年初上映之血腥鑽石電影，意外在各地掀起反鑽石風。 • 明星加持，讓血腥鑽石的議題引起重視。

More Related