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Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. Group 2 EDSGN 100 Section 205 By: Jeb Biernat , Tyler Burkes, Steven Casselberry, & Dillon O’Donnell. Table of Contents. Overview Solutions Considered Evaluation Process System Design Implementation Prospects Business Opportunities. Abstract.

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Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

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  1. Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Group 2 EDSGN 100 Section 205 By: Jeb Biernat, Tyler Burkes, Steven Casselberry, & Dillon O’Donnell

  2. Table of Contents Overview Solutions Considered Evaluation Process System Design Implementation Prospects Business Opportunities

  3. Abstract The task- To develop a sustainable form of wastewater treatment for a Nicaraguan household. The solution- To design an outdoor composting toilet.

  4. Theory of Wastewater Treatment [8] • Goal: To clean water to a standard that the environment can handle it • Three stages: • Primary: Sedimentation • Secondary: Removal of biological content • Trickling filters, activated sludge • Tertiary: Nutrient removal/Disinfection • Nitrification (N), chemical precipitation (K), UV/Chlorination

  5. Rural Nicaraguan Water Conditions • Rural water access: 63% • House connections: 27% • Rural Water Sanitation: 34% • Sewerage: 0% • Most water utilities in the country are nationally controlled/owned • Very little water/sewer coverage to rural areas Lake Managua [5][6] Photo Credit

  6. Solutions Considered [3] [4] Constructed Wetlands Trickling Filter Waste Stabilization Pond UASB Arborloo Composting Toilet

  7. Evaluation Process • Major Criteria: • Ease of Construction • Cost • Maintenance • Reuse of Byproducts • Water Usage

  8. The Composting Toilet • Simple • Uses no water • Uses no electricity • Cheap to maintain • Odor free if maintained correctly • Produces compost [2]

  9. Composting • Microorganisms break down organic material through aerobic respiration • Bacteria and fungi break down the material • Protozoa and nematodes feed on the bacteria and fungi • Millipedes and beetles feed on the protozoa and nematodes • Requirements: • Air: the pile must be mixed daily • Water: mixture should stay moist • Proper C to N ratio: carbon materials (sawdust) must be added to the pile [7]

  10. Composting Bin

  11. Implementation at the Center Toilet located inside Nicaraguan house Waste composted on site in bins Compost reused to fertilize gardens

  12. Location at Center Photo Reference

  13. Implementation in Nicaragua • Community/single family compost bins • Toilet would be located outside in an outhouse/inside the house • Toilet for each house • Compost reused for gardens or for agriculture

  14. Outhouse with Composting Toilet

  15. Cost Estimates of Composting Toilet [1] • Toilet • Toilet seat - $5.74 • 15 gallon Drum - $30.00 • Sawdust • $50/ton • Lumber for Outhouse/composting bins • $4.57 per 2 x 6 x 8 • Roughly $90 for two 4 x 4 foot composting bins • Total Cost: $180

  16. Business Opportunities of Composting Toilets • Sell the toilets to Nicaraguans • Sell Sawdust as cover material and odor control

  17. Questions?

  18. References [1]www.lowes.com [2]http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/07/green_tips_humanure_composting.php [3] Mara, David Duncan. Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. London: Earthscan, 2004. Print. [4]http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/PM_Report/Appendix1_The_Arborloo_book_a.pdf [5]http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/NIC_wat.pdf [6]http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/NIC_san.pdf [7]http://www.benefits-of-recycling.com/howdoescompostingwork.html [8]http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/what_happens_after_the_flush.pdf

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