1 / 17

Biodiesel production by homogeneous catalysis

Biodiesel production by homogeneous catalysis. Raúl Mateos González Katharina J. Bauer  Pablo M. Martín Soladana. Content. Definition Chemical reaction Comparison to conventional diesel Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis Improvement and new technologies Conclusion. Definition:

tejano
Download Presentation

Biodiesel production by homogeneous catalysis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Biodiesel production by homogeneous catalysis Raúl Mateos González Katharina J. Bauer  Pablo M. Martín Soladana

  2. Content Definition Chemical reaction Comparison to conventional diesel Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis Improvement and new technologies Conclusion

  3. Definition: Biodiesel is defined as fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters from vegetable oils or animal fats when they are used as fuel in diesel engines and heating systems. Introduction

  4. Transesterification catalyzed by acid or basic homogeneous catalysts with alcohol CHEMICAL REACTION

  5. Occurs when FFA react with basic catalyst • Problematic because: • Consume catalyst • Biodiesel yield decreases • Complicates separation & purification reduce biodiesel production efficiency Saponification

  6. Biodiesel advantages • Independencyfromcrudeoilimports • Lessharmfulemissions • Biodegradableand non-toxic • Safer tostoreandtransport • Biodiesel disadvantages • Higher productioncosts • Raw material problems ComparisonBiOdiesel vs. Conventional Diesel

  7. Homogeneous & heterogeneous • Advantages of heterogeneous process: • Lower initial costs • High conversion rate • Less chemicals are used • Lower consumption of methanol • Glycerine is purer • Advantages of homogeneous process: • Biodiesel does not depend on glycerine price • Lower consumption of energy is needed

  8. Homogeneous catalysis • Base catalyzed reaction: • It is able to catalyze reactions at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. • High conversion can be achieved in minimal time • Economical Although is very sensible to FFA on the feedstock.

  9. Homogeneous catalysis • Acid catalyzed reaction: • Insensitive to FFA in feedstock • H2SO4 and HCl is used • More economical process • Although lower reaction rate

  10. Homogeneous catalysis • Homogeneous acid and basic catalyst: • FFA can be converted to ester • A lot of acid is required to esterification

  11. Improvements & new technologies Enzymatic catalysis Microwaves Ultrasonic technology

  12. Enzymes • Advantages: • Produces less wastewater • No by-products • Mild reaction conditions • Easy separation • Reutilization • Disadvantages: • Expensive catalysis • Industrial scale • Slow reaction rate • Enzyme deactivation and degeneration

  13. Enzymes Mostly used enzymes: • Lypozym IM 60: • Good yields with primary alcohols (93-99%) • Deactivation can be avoided using hexane as solvent • PS 30 • Better with secondary alcohols (85%) • Used with hexane as solvent • Immobilization (easy recovery) • Novozym 435 • Best with secondary alcohols (96%) • No solvent is used • Deactivation problems

  14. MICROWAVES • Temperature stability • Reduces reaction time • Improves efficiency • Expensive equipment • Continuous process improvement

  15. Ultrasonictechnology • Stirring method • Energy efficiency • Useful for less solvable substances • Reduces biodiesel and glycerol adsorption to equipment

  16. Conclusion • Homogeneous catalysis is the most commonly used method • Saponification is the main problem • New technologies need to be improved

  17. Thanks for your attention

More Related