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Understanding Momentum and Impulse

Learn the concepts of momentum and impulse, including their formulas and significance in physics. Explore examples and calculate force based on given parameters.

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Understanding Momentum and Impulse

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  1. Momentum and Impulse

  2. Momentum (p) • A vector quantity equal to the product of the mass of an object and the velocity of an object. • The direction is always the same as the direction of the velocity vector. p = mv m = mass (kg) v = velocity (m/s) p = momentum (kg m/s)

  3. Given: m = 1.00x 103 kg v = 15 m/s [E] Find:p = ? p =mv = 1.00 x 103 kg (15 m/s [E]) =1.5 x 104 kg m/s [E] Ex: A 1.00 x 103 kg car is moving at 15 m/s [E]. What is its momentum?

  4. Impulse • For a constant external force, it is the product of the force acting on an object and the time during which the force acts on the object. Ft =  p = mvf – mvi • Units = Ns = kg m/s • This equation is valid only if the force is uniform over the time interval.

  5. Impulse • Large forces can change momentum in a very short time interval (hitting a baseball or golf ball). • Small forces can cause the same change in momentum as larger forces, but over a longer time period (air bags in cars). • When an object bounces, a greater impulse is required than when an object is brought to a stop.

  6. Given:m = 0.15 kg vi = 20. m/s vf = -20. m/s Find: Δp = ? Δp = m vf – m vi = 0.15 kg (-20. m/s-20. m/s) = -6.0 kgm/s Ex. 1: A 0.15 kg baseball moving at 20. m/s is hit by a bat, and leaves with the same speed, but opposite direction. What is the change in momentum of the ball?

  7. Given:m = 0.15 kg vi = 20. m/s vf = 0 Find: Δp = ? Δp = m vf – m vi = 0.15 kg (0-20. m/s) = -3.0 kgm/s Ex. 2:A 0.15 kg baseball moving at 20. m/s is caught by the catcher. What is the change in momentum of the ball?

  8. 1. Given:Δp = -6.0 kgm/s Δt= 0.10 s Find: F = ? Ft =  p F =  p/ t = (-6.0 kgm/s)/0.10s = -60. N 2. Given:Δp = -3.0 kgm/s Δt= 0.10 s Find: F = ? Ft =  p F =  p/ t = (-3.0 kgm/s)/0.10s = -30. N Ex:If the change in momentum in each case occurs in 0.10 s, what force acted on the ball in each case?

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