Français I – Leçon 2A Structures

1. Français I – Leçon 2A Structures Present tense of regular –er verbs

2. In English, verbs are words that express actions or states of being. You have already learned one verb in French: être (to be).Êtreis an irregular verb because it does not follow a pattern.

3. There are also regular verbs in French. Regular verbs follow a pattern. The most common regular verbs in French end with –er. These are called “regular -erverbs”

4. To form “regular –erverbs,” you have to remove the –er from the verb, and add new endings to the stem to match the subject pronouns. This is called “conjugating.” [Look at the example on the next slide. The verb is parler(to talk). Notice how the spelling changes depending on the subject pronoun.]

5. Parler= to speak Je parle(I speak)nous parlons(we speak) Tuparles(you speak)vousparlez(you speak) Il parle(he speaks)ilsparlent(they speak) Elle parle(she speaks)ellesparlent(they speak) On parle(one speaks)

6. Other regular –er verbs will be conjugated the same way. Remove the –er and add the new endings that match the subject pronouns. adorer = to love J’adore(I love) nous adorons(we love) Tu adores (you love)vousadorez(you love) Il adore (he loves)ilsadorent(they love) Elle adore (she loves)ellesadorent(they love) On adore (one loves)

7. Common –er verbs Adorer = to love Aimer = to like, to love Aimer mieux = to prefer (to like better)

8. arriver = to arrive chercher = to look for commencer = to begin dessiner = to draw

9. détester = to hate donner = to give étudier = to study habiter (à/en) = to live in

10. manger = to eat oublier = to forget partager = to share penser (que/qu’…) = to think (that)

11. regarder = to look at rencontrer = to meet retrouver = to meet up with; to find (again) travailler = to work

12. jouer = to play danser = to dance chanter = to sing voyager = to travel

13. Other rules of –er verbs… • Verbs ending in –ger(manger, voyager) and –cer(commencer) have a spelling change in the nous form. manger  nous mangeons commencer  nous commençons • Je becomes J’ when it appears before a verb that begins with a vowel sound. • J’adore -J’habite

14. Forming Questions There are several ways to ask a question in French.

15. 1. Intonation • The simplest way to ask a question is to use the same wording as a statement, but changing the tone of your voice. This is called intonation. • In writing, you add a question mark at the end of the statement. • This method is informal. Voushabitez à Paris? Tuaimes le pizza? (You live in Paris?) (You like pizza?)

16. 2. Est-ceque… • A second way is to place the phrase Est-ceque… directly before a statement. • If the next word begins with a vowel sound, use Est-cequ’… • Questions w/ est-cequeare formal. Est-cequevoushabitez à Las Vegas? (Do you live in Las Vegas?) Est-cequ’ilaime le pizza? (Does he like pizza?)

17. 3. Tag question • Place a tag question at the end of a statement. • This can be formal or informal. On commence à 2h, d’accord? (We’re starting at 2:00, OK?) Nous mangeons à midi, n’est-ce pas? (We eat at noon, don’t we?)

18. 4. Inversion • Invert the order of the subject pronoun and the verb and hyphenate them. • If the verb ends in a vowel and the subject pronoun is il, elle, or on, -t- is inserted between the verb and the pronoun. • Inversion is considered formal. Parlez-vousfrançais? Mange-t-il à midi? (Do you speak French?) (Does he eat at noon?)

19. Expressing Negation

20. Ne…pas • To make a sentence negative, placenebefore the conjugated verb and pas after it. • If the verb has a vowel sound, place n’ before it instead of ne. Je ne dansepas bien. Je n’aimepas les maths.

21. Expressions of agreement and disagreement • Use these expressions to respond to a statement or a question that requires a yes or no answer. Oui = yes Bien sûr = of course Moi/toi non plus = me/you neither (mais) non = no (but of course not) Pas du tout = not at all Peut-être = maybe, perhaps