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Vietnam War Student Protests/ Counter Culture 1964 – 1973

Vietnam War Student Protests/ Counter Culture 1964 – 1973. Student Activism. Pentagon Papers Described how US Gov’t lied about war Baby-boomers and college Many went to college Had a different world view than their WWII-era parents

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Vietnam War Student Protests/ Counter Culture 1964 – 1973

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  1. Vietnam War Student Protests/Counter Culture1964 – 1973

  2. Student Activism • Pentagon Papers Described how US Gov’t lied about war • Baby-boomers and college • Many went to college • Had a different world view than their WWII-era parents • Students for a Democratic Society (University of Michigan) • New Left

  3. Free Speech Movement • UC – Berkley • Students’ free speech hampered by school officials, they protest • Police are called in • Students take over Admin. Building • Students and Faculty strike for free speech • Teach-Ins • Teachers have special classes to teach about Vietnam War

  4. Resistance to War • Selective Service Act – Draft • Conscientious Objectors – oppose war on religious grounds • Example: Muhammad Ali • Deferment – college students don’t have to be drafted • 1965 – LBJ doubles # of men drafted twice during the year • 1967 – College students with low scores could be drafted

  5. Avoiding the Draft • Thousands claim to be conscientious objectors, physical disabilities, or move to Canada • 1967 – Marches in NYC and Wash, DC to protest war • 1968 – 200 major demonstrations at colleges and universities • 1969 – National Chicano Moratorium Committee – claims war is racial

  6. Counter Culture • Similar to 1950’s Beatniks Known as Hippies • Sexual Revolution – more open talk and practices, more people living together instead of getting married “Make Love, Not War”, birth control pill • Drug Scene – influenced Counter Culture (Marijuana, Lysergic acid diethylamide = LSD) Overdoses – Hendrix, Joplin, Morrison

  7. Music World • Woodstock Music Festival in NY state • 200,000+ people • “Three days of peace, love, and music” August, 1969, High Point of Counter Culture • Altamount – Rolling Stones concert held at Speedway in CA • 300,000 attend, Hell’s Angels used as security, killed a fan • Signaled the end of the Counter Culture

  8. End of the War • LBJ chooses not to run for reelection in 1968 after Tet Offensive • Paris Peace talks begin in May, 1968 • Richard Nixon elected president, says that US will turn war over to South Vietnamese Army (Vietnamization) • 1968 – 543,000 • 1972 – 39,000 • 1973 – Draft ended

  9. Invasion of Cambodia • Nixon begins secret bombing of Cambodia in 1970 • Caused civil war in Cambodia • Kent State (OH) – students protest, Burn ROTC building, National Guard kills 4 students and wounds 9 • Jackson State (MS) – similar to Kent State, 2 killed, 9 wounded

  10. American Withdrawal • 1972 – Nixon launches heaviest bombing of war • “Peace is at Hand” Jan, 1973 – Peace Treaty signed • US removes all troops • POW’s released • Laos and Cambodia given freedom • 17th parallel – still border

  11. South Vietnam Falls and Legacy of War • Without US support, South Vietnam loses war, • April, 1975 – War ends • US costs • 58,000 Americans killed • 300,000 wounded • $150 billion spent • Millions of Vietnamese killed • Laos and Cambodia become communist • Pol Pot • US after the war • Soldiers treated poorly when they come home • 26th Amendment – 18 to vote • Vietnam War Memorial – The Wall • US opens trade with Vietnam in 1994

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