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Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal Cancer. What Is Colorectal Cancer?. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women. It begins in either the colon or rectum, which are both part of the digestive system (where food is processed). . The American Cancer Society’s Estimates.

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Colorectal Cancer

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  1. Colorectal Cancer

  2. What Is Colorectal Cancer? • Colorectal cancer is the thirdmost common cancer in menand women. • It begins in either the colon or rectum, which are both part of the digestive system (where food is processed). Colorectal Cancer

  3. The American Cancer Society’s Estimates • In the United States during 2010: • 142,570 new cases of colon & rectal cancer will be diagnosed, including • In Georgia, the number of new cases is 3,840. • 51,370 deaths will occur as the result of colorectal cancer • 1430 deaths will occur in the state of Georgia. Colorectal Cancer

  4. Who Is At Risk? • Two factors greatly influence the risk of developing colorectal cancer: • 1. Age Over 90% of colorectal cancers are diagnosed in people over age 50. • 2. Racial or Ethnic Background • Gender does not appear tobe a risk factor. Men andwomen are similarly affected. African Americans have the highest rates of colorectal cancer of all racial or ethnic groups in US. Ashkenazi Jews have a higher rate of colon cancer. Colorectal Cancer

  5. Other Risk Factors • Other factors that increase risk include: • A personal history of colorectal polyps, previously treated colorectal cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease • Being physically inactive • Eating a diet high in fat (especially from red meat) • Obesity • Smoking • Alcohol use • Eating a diet low in fruits and vegetables • Having a family history of colorectal cancers, certain other cancers, and benign colon polyps (Fewer than 10% of colorectal cancers are caused by inherited gene mutations.) Colorectal Cancer

  6. Reducing Your Risk • Early detection can help find and remove pre-cancerous polyps (tissue growths). • It also appears that the following behaviors may reduce risks: • Regular physical activity • Eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods • Limiting high-fat foods, especially red meat and processed meats Colorectal Cancer

  7. Symptoms • Warning signs include: • Rectal bleeding • Blood in the stool • Change in bowel habits • Cramping pain in the lower abdomen • These are also warning signs for other, less serious illnesses, so if they appear, they should be discussed with a doctor. Colorectal Cancer

  8. Detection • Colorectal cancers can almost always becured if detected early. • People of average risk with no symptoms shouldbegin regular screeningat age 50. • People at increasedrisk should be screened earlierand more often. Colorectal Cancer

  9. Detection Methods • Methods for detecting colorectal cancer include: • Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) – Tests for hidden blood in the stool. • Flexible sigmoidoscopy – A doctor looks inside the rectum and the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) through a lighted tube. • Double-contrast barium enema – X-rays are taken after the patient is given a barium enema. Barium helps to outline the intestines on the x-rays. • Colonoscopy –A doctor exams the colon using a flexible, lighted instrument called a colonoscope. Colorectal Cancer

  10. The American Cancer Society’s Screening Recommendations • Starting at age 50, people of average risk with no symptoms should follow 1 of 5 screening options: • 1. Yearly fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT), or • 2. Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, or • 3. Yearly FOBT and flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years*, or • 4. Double-contrast barium enema every 5 years, or • 5. Colonoscopy every 10 years. • *Of the first 3 options, the American CancerSociety prefers yearly FOBT and flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years (#3) over eithertest alone (#1 or #2). Colorectal Cancer

  11. Survival Rates • 5-year relative survival rate for localized disease is 90% • Localized cancer is cancer that, at the time of diagnosis, had not spread to additional sites within the body. Typically, the earlier a cancer is detected and diagnosed, the more successful the treatment, thus enhancing the survival rate. Colorectal Cancer

  12. The Bottom Line • Screening tests offer a powerful opportunity for the prevention, early detection, and successful treatment of colorectal cancers. • People can reduce their risk by following screening guidelines; eating a healthy, low-fat diet; and increasing their level of physical activity. Colorectal Cancer

  13. Contact The American Cancer Society • American Cancer Society programs and services are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. • To reach us: • Visit the American Cancer Society Internet site at www.cancer.org. • Call toll-free, 1–800–ACS–2345. Colorectal Cancer

  14. Additional Resources National Cancer InstituteCancer Information Service Telephone: 1–800–4–CANCER (toll free)Internet: www.nci.nih.gov American Gastroenterological AssociationTelephone: 301–654–2055Internet: www.gastro.org Colon Cancer AllianceTelephone: 1–877–422–2030 (toll free)Internet: www.ccalliance.org United Ostomy AssociationTelephone: 1–800–826–0826 (toll free) or 714–660–8624Internet: www.uoa.org Colorectal Cancer

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