Separation of Mixtures

1. Separation of Mixtures

2. Separation of Mixtures • Mixtures, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, can be separated by physical changes.

3. Techniques used for separating mixtures • Separation by physical properties • Filtration • Distillation • Crystallization • Evaporation to dryness • Chromatography

4. Separation by properties • Physical characteristics such as color, size, density, magnetism, etc can be used to separate mixtures. • Example: separating iron from a mixture. separating a layer of oil from water separating red marbles from blue marbles

5. Separation by filtration Heterogeneous mixtures composed of insoluble solids in liquids are easily separated by filtration. Equipment used during this process includes a funnel and filter paper. The liquid which passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate. Example: sand in water

6. Evaporation to dryness. • Homogeneous mixtures composed of dissolved solids in a solvent can be separated by boiling off the liquid. The solute remains in the evaporating dish. • Equipment required involves a hot plate and evaporating dish. • Example: salt dissolved in water

7. Distillation • Distillation is used to separate a solution of two liquids. It is based on differences in the boiling points of the two substances involved. • When the solution is heated, the substance with the lowest boiling point boils and changes to a vapor. The vapor condenses as it passes through the condenser and is collected. • Example: separating water from the syrup in a coke. separating alcohol from water

8. Distillation

9. Crystallization • A solution containing a dissolved solute can also be separated using crystallization. • When the solution contains as much of the dissolved substance as possible, the addition of even a tiny amount can cause the dissolved substance to come out of solution and collect on any available surface. • Example: the making of rock candy from a sugar solution.

10. Crystallization

11. Chromatography • Chromatography is a technique that separates two liquid components of mixture from each other based on the ability of each substance to travel up the surface of another material (called the stationary phase). • The stationary phase is often a solid such as the chromatography paper. • Components with the strongest attraction for the paper travel slower. • Example: separating dyes in food coloring

12. Chromatography

13. How would a mixture of two colorless liquids be separated? 10 • Chromatography • Distillation • Evaporation to Dryness • Filtration

14. What is the most efficient way of separating a non-dissolving solid from a liquid? 10 • Chromatography • Distillation • Evaporation to Dryness • Filtration

15. What technique should be used to separate a mixture of red and blue marbles of the same size and mass? 10 • Chromatography • Distillation • Filtration • Separation by Properties

16. How can you separate the components of paint? 10 • Chromatography • Distillation • Evaporation to Dryness • Filtration

17. How can you separate vinegar and oil? 10 • Chromatography • Evaporation to Dryness • Filtration • Separation by Properties

18. How would you separate vinegar from water? 10 • Chromatography • Distillation • Evaporation to Dryness • Filtration

19. Distillation results in the formation of solid particles of a dissolved substance? 10 • True • False

20. Filtration depends on differences in sizes of particles. 10 • True • False

21. Separations of mixtures depend on the chemical properties of the substances involved. 10 • True • False

22. Chromatography depends on the different boiling points. 10 • True • False

23. Evaporation to dryness can be used to separate two liquids. 10 • True • False