Jim McManus, CPsychol, MFPH, MEPS Asst Director Public Health Barking & Dagenham PCT

1. Faith Community Roles: Putting our Capabilities and Roles in Theological ContextTowards a Catholic Understanding Jim McManus,CPsychol, MFPH, MEPS Asst Director Public Health Barking & Dagenham PCT

2. Summary • Interpretation • Starting Points for Agencies – Community and their Care Needs • Staring Point for Christians – Community and Social Mission in Theological Context • Not going to focus on The problem of Evil, that’s for another day

3. Starting Point 1: An Attempt • Interpretation/Hermeneusis • Historical engagement of christianity with social services • Public Theology – The Church • Expediency and Capability - EPOs

4. Starting Point 2: A Process • Msgr Joseph Dore, Archbishop of Strasbourg • La Responsibilite des Theologiens (Paris, Desclee, 2002) • Go Ad Fontes • Serve the Debate: Church and World • Articulate the Dimensions • Scientific and Confessional • Theology as a Practical Tactic

5. Civil Contingencies Act 2004 • Risk Assessment - Conduct risk assessment, in conjunction with others, to assess the range of emergences faced and the risk of those emergencies making it necessary for the organisation to respond on the basis of its existing functions. • Planning Arrangements - In light of the risk assessment, draw up and maintain plans: • To prevent the emergency occurring /Reduce, control and mitigate its effects /To refine plans in the light of ongoing risk assessment /For responding to and recovering from an emergency /To publish risk assessments and plans /To include the provision for exercise and training of staff • Business Continuity PlanningPlans must be in place to enable the organisation to deliver those functions which may be required in an emergency. • Warning and InformingMaintain arrangements for warning and informing the public if an emergency is likely to occur or has occurred and for providing them with advice. • Sharing InformationProvide information to partner organisations so that they can complete risk assessments and plans. • Co-operationCat 1 and 2 responders to co-operate with each other both within and beyond the context of multi agency groups. • Promotion of Business Continuity Management (Local Authorities only)Provide advice and assistance to the public in relation to the continuance of commercial activity in the event of an emergency. Slide courtesy of the Emergency Planning College and Health Protection Agency

6. Category 1 Local AuthoritiesPoliceFire & Rescue ServiceAmbulance ServicesNational Health Service Trustsincluding PCTs The Environment Agency Category 2 Railway Operators Airport OperatorsHarbour AuthoritiesHighways AuthorityHealth & Safety ExecutiveUtilitiesElectric GasWaterPhone (Voice & Data) Responder Categories The NHS Emergency Planning Guidance 2005, prerogates Strategic Health Authorities with a range of functions

7. CCA Duties – Business Continuity “Category 1 responders to maintain plans to ensure that they can continue to perform their functions in the event of an emergency..… to be able to maintain their own crisis response capabilities and to continue to deliver critical aspects of their day-to-day functions.”

8. Schematic Framework CCA Faiths get their house in order Faiths can Assist CCA Responders

9. Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1999 (COMAH) Nuclear - Nuclear Emergency Planning Liaison Group (NEPLG) Consolidated Guidance Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations (REPPIR) 2001 NHS Emergency Planning Guidance 2005 Exotic Animal Disease Generic Contingency Plan Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 Food Safety Act 1990 Railway Regulation Act 1840; Official Secrets Act 1911; Civil Aviation Act 1982; Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 Water: Security and Emergency Measures Direction 1998 Fuel: Energy Act 1976, Energy Act 2004 and the Downstream Oil Emergency Response Plan Power: Electricity Supply Emergency Code and the Gas Supply Emergency Arrangements, Gas Act 1986 and the Electricity Act 1989 ransport: Railways Act 1993, Airports Act 1986 Communications: BBC Agreement, 1996 Communications Act 2003, Telecommunications Act 1984, NHTCU, Central Sponsor for Information Assurance and Resilience Civil Contingencies Act 2004 schedule 2 Obstruction: Emergency Workers (Obstruction) Act 2006 CCA is not the whole story…..

10. The NHS is different…again! • NHS Defines a major incident differently from the CCA, as required under the 2005 Guidance • This may mean NHS triggers a major incident when others do not – therefore Chaplains and Clergy may find themselves having to deal with this • Example – Heatwave Major Incidents at two levels for some NHS agencies – one level where NHS itself may declare, another level where an MI must be declared

11. The Cycle of Emergency Planning Faith Forum participate in exercises appropriately, but also conduct their own exercises with their own co-ordinator Ensure training is provided to the Faith Communities and that they cascade training down. Provide specific training on their roles and engage them in exercises Ensure regular review by Faith Communities and by Emergency Planning Group/LRF as appropriate. Ensure contacts are up to date. Get Faith Communities to disseminate the plan and their own plan if they have one. Ensure statutory agencies are clear on Faith Communities’ roles Faith Communities can help assess risks to their communities and population as a whole. Discuss plans for fatalities at this stage. Decide if they need their own Plan or a section within the main plan. Ensure faith communities buy into the plan and their roles. Ensure Faith Forum or LSP sign off Detail faith community roles and responsibilities, methods of engagement and call out. Develop Faith community plan. Do they need their own co-ordinator (some areas have this as an unpaid role. Others make a contribution to costs.) Use the table of capabilities to help set objectives for what Faith Communities can do. Conduct a scoping exercise with them where they review their own capabilities with someone to facilitate

12. Proposition 1: • Christian Churches in the UK have historically been present in most major disasters and long term crises/challenges • Employment and poverty, Wars, The 1918 pandemic • There has been no single faith monopoly despite the interests of some denominations to claim so • Nor is there any basis in law for the priority of any denomination – the ethos is of service not locus • There is a clear role for faith communities • The job is bigger than any single faith group can deliver • Catholics and Jews punched above their weight • The Church has significant history of Ministry in Disasters and Crises (Plague, War,Famine) Frank Prochaska (2006) Christianity and Social Service in Modern Britain. Oxford University Press

13. Back to Starting Point • Historical engagement of christianity with social services • Brings new challenges • Interpretation/Hermeneusis of the legislation to the Church • Interpretation of the Church to EPOs

14. Proposition 2: • There is a preliminary to the Act of Interpretation • We need to have a clear self-understanding as a Church of what we want to Interpret • That self understanding is primarily theological or it is inadequate • Capability and functions follow our understanding of mission (Gaudium et Spes)

15. Proposition 3: • Non Catholic Christians may be puzzled with extensive use of Magisterial documents rather than Scripture • But starting with the Magisterium is starting with a Scriptural perspective, because the teachings of the Church are steeped in Scripture • From there we can see how other theologies have understood this

16. Where to start theologically? • Start from the the Human Condition (Theological Anthropology) • Then work on how this sits with the Church’s Understanding of Itself (Ecclesiology) • Move outwards to Social Mission and Doctrine (Social Theology) • Creating and Sustaining Capability Pastoral, Sacramental, Social, Moral Theology • Doctrine of God Implicit and Central Throughout • This perspective is both Christological and Pneumatological even if my Doctrine of the Godhead needs developing

17. The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents Action Mode 1 Catechesis Self Understanding Ekklesia Immanent Trinity Doctrine of God Doctrine of Holy Spirit

18. The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents Action Mode 1 Catechesis Ecclesiology, Anthropology Self Understanding Ekklesia Immanent Trinity Doctrine of God Doctrine of Holy Spirit

19. Humanity • Human being both corporeal and spiritual (CCC,362) • Trinitarian Love : the origin and goal of the human person (Compendium, 34ff) [Social Nature of this] • Inalienable Dignity (CCC,357) • Social Nature (Compendium, 37) • Duties of Justice arise from social nature (Compendium, 61, 77,92) • Human need must be addressed (Solicitudo Rei Socialis 34, Populorum Progressio 48) for Genuine Peace (Pacem in Terris 9, 11) • The Common Good (Gaudium et Spes,26) • Human Ecology (a social dimension) (Centesimus Annus, 38) • The State and Church as both important in the Common Good and the social body (Compendium, 424ff) • Fragility and Vulnerability (Dolentium Hominum) The duties arising from the Commandment to Love our Neighbour

20. Gaudium et Spes • If • the common good is.. • the sum total of social conditions which allow people either as groups or individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and easily. Every social group must take account of the needs and legitimate aspirations of other groups, and even of the general welfare of the entire human family (Gaudium et Spes, 26) • Then • Emergency Planning and Emergency Response is a clear constituent of what makes up the Common Good • And • the Church has an interest per se, because it touches on the personalist principle at the centre of its social teaching

21. Gaudium et Spes • And all this sits well beside the position of Law and Guidance on how public authorities should co-operate with communities • Office of 3rd Sector • Local Govt Acts 1999,2000,2002, • Local Govt and Involvement in Health Bill • Sustainable Communities • Civil Contingencies Act 2004 • THE COMMON GOOD AS DEFINED BY GAUDIUM ET SPES BECOMES A CLEAR MANIFESTO FOR THE CHURCH TO RESPOND TO ITS RESPONSIBILITIES • If • the common good is.. • the sum total of social conditions which allow people either as groups or individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and easily. Every social group must take account of the needs and legitimate aspirations of other groups, and even of the general welfare of the entire human family (Gaudium et Spes, 26) • Then • Emergency Planning and Emergency Response is a clear constituent of what makes up the Common Good • And • the Church has an interest per se, because it touches on the personalist principle at the centre of its social teaching

22. Ecclesiology picks up on Anthropology • One complex reality which comes together from both a human and a divine element (LG, 8) (mirrors anthropology in CCC 362) • The Church, Mystery of our union with God (CCC,772) • Christ the source of Mission/Ministry in the Church (CCC,874) • Christ gave it mission, orientation and goal • The Church stands with every man and woman of every place and time (Compendium, 60) • Solidarity (Solicitudo Rei Socialis, 38) • The Church is a sign and instrument of communion with God and unity among humans – (LG,1) • Church’s charitable activity as a manifestation of Trinitarian Love (Deus Caritas Est 19ff) • A minister to human vulnerability and a witness to human wholeness (Fragilita e Salute, Benedict XVI Nov 2006) The church in love of God and love of Neighbour has a Particular calling to witness and action in the social realm

23. The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents Action Mode 1 Catechesis Ecclesiology, Anthropology Call to Witness Kerygma Self Understanding Ekklesia Economic Trinity Immanent Trinity Doctrine of Salvation Doctrine of God Doctrine of Holy Spirit KEY POINT: Our motive in witnessing is love and the wellbeing of the person, arising from our understanding of who we as humans and who we as Church are Our Call to Witness is essentially linked to Trinitarian Love, and to the origin and goal of humankind

24. The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents Action Mode 1 Catechesis Ecclesiology, Anthropology Call to Witness Kerygma Self Understanding Ekklesia Economic Trinity Immanent Trinity Doctrine of Salvation Doctrine of God Doctrine of Holy Spirit Action Modes 2 Building Capability within a framework

25. Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: The Church Together • “Love faces a vast field of work and the Church is eager to make her contribution with her social doctrine, which concerns the whole person and is addressed to all people” Compendium, 5 • All Christ’s faithful must be conscious of the responsibility To play their part (Canon 781) • The Bishop, uniting and moulding local church - “being ready for every good work” (2 Tim 2:21) as focus of unity in the local Church. Christus Dominus 11,16

26. Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Collaboration with Legitimate Authorities The Church and the political community can more effectively render this service “for the good of all if each works better for wholesome mutual co-operation in a way suitable to the circumstances of time and place” [GS,76] Compendium,425 …the spontaneity of individuals must be combined with planning, foresight and co-operation with other similar institutions” Deus Caritas Est,31

27. Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Formation • Concern throughout Magisterial Documents that people are not given to apostolates for which they are neither formed nor suited • There is a duty for them to seek formation, and for Church to provide it • Lay People – Canon 231~1. Apostolicam Actuositatem – 2,28,29 • Priests – Presbyterium Ordinis 19 (Formation and study for pastoral activity. Duty of Bishop to provide it) (today!) • Bishops – Christus Dominus • Co-operation with clergy and religious 28ffCo-operation with each other • Religious – Religious and Human Advancement 5ff, (role) 32ff (formation) Collaboration between the various strands of Christ’s faithful are written throughout the documents of Vatican II, post conciliar documents and the CIC

28. Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Distinctive Qualities of Formation • “We are dealing with human beings, and human beings always need something more than technically proper care. They need humanity... • Consequently, in addition go their necessary professional training, these Ccharity workers need a formation of the heart ….as a result, love of neighbour [will be] a consequence deriving from their faith, a faith which becomes active through love [Gal 5:6] ” (Deus Caritas Est, 31)

29. Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: The Proper Role of Expertise In accord with the knowledge, competence and pre-eminence which they possess, lay people have the right and even at times a duty to manifest to the sacred pastors their opinion on matters which pertain to the good of the Church, and they have a right to make their opinion known to the other Christian faithful….with consideration for the common good and the dignity of persons Codex Iuris Canonici, 212 #3

30. Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Respect for Religious Freedom • Respect for religious freedom of others • “The dignity of the person and the very nature of the quest for God require that all should be free from every constraint in the area of religion” (Dignitatis Humanae,2) • “…a religious community might be given a special recognition on the part of the State.Such recognition must in no way create discrimination within the civil or social order for other religious groups” (DH,6) Christian or non-Christian collaboration with State in Emergency Planning does not mean pre-eminence and must not allow that faith body to interfere with the religious freedom of anyone else

31. Benedict XVI on Proselytism • Charity, furthermore, cannot be used as a means of engaging in what is nowadays considered proselytism. Love is free: it is not practised as a way of achieving other ends. (Deus Caritas Est 31) • He relates this to the Directory for Pastoral Ministry of Bishops, 2004

32. Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Distinctive Qualities • Eucharistic Community (Sacramentum Caritatis,84 – 90) • The Eucharist drives our understanding • And drives our way out into mission

33. The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents Action Mode 1 Catechesis Ecclesiology, Anthropology Call to Witness Kerygma Self Understanding Ekklesia Economic Trinity Immanent Trinity Eucharistic Community, Formation Doctrine of Salvation Doctrine of God Doctrine of Holy Spirit Action Modes 2 Building Capability Presence, Response Kenosis,

34. The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents Action Mode 1 Catechesis Ecclesiology, Anthropology Call to Witness Kerygma Self Understanding Ekklesia Economic Trinity Immanent Trinity Eucharistic Community, Formation Doctrine of Salvation Doctrine of God Doctrine of Holy Spirit Action Modes 2 Building Capability Presence, Response Kenosis, Involvement in EP must be understood theologically for the Church, for Integrity, and for Public Safety (so we don’t do this for the WRONG reasons.) (Analagous to Child Protection – must be understood and lived theologically)

35. The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents Action Mode 1 Catechesis Ecclesiology, Anthropology Call to Witness Kerygma Self Understanding Ekklesia Economic Trinity Immanent Trinity Sanctification: Sacraments Pastoral Care Eucharistic Community, Formation Doctrine of Salvation Doctrine of God Doctrine of Holy Spirit Action Modes 2 Building Capability Action Modes 3 Inclusion, Community, Ongoing Care and Self Care Presence, Response Kenosis, Involvement in EP must be understood theologically for the Church, for Integrity, and for Public Safety (so we don’t do this for the WRONG reasons.) (Analagous to Child Protection – must be understood and lived theologically)

36. Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Grounded in Life of Prayer • Proper Foundation needed for doing this • Sits well with psychology on Christian Ministry • “It is time to reaffirm the importance of prayer in the face of activism and the growing secularism of many Christians engaged in Charitable work.Clearly, the Christian who prays does not claim to be able to change God’s plans or correct what he has foreseen. Rather, he seeks an encounter with the Father of Jesus Christ, asking God to be present with the consolation of the Spirit to him and his work.” (DCE,37) Here Benedict puts both Charity and the evils we Confront in Trinitarian context

37. Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Back to Sanctification and Pastoral Care • Fragilita E Salute • Celebration of the Sacraments • Hearing the Word • The Testimony of Charity • Pastoral Care • Meeting Needs physical, emotional,spiritual • Ongoing Support • Context of Hope

38. Some recent theological trends: the church as strong community • Vogt (Theological Studies,2007) Solidarity and Hospitality in the Church’s social mission • Merkle (From the Heart of the Church) Church unable to carry out its mission without first becoming a strong community • Interplay of Equality, Respect, Dignity • Ide – distinctiveness of agape in DCE (nouvelle revue theologique, 2006) • Borras – Un Caractere diaconal? (nouvelle revue theologique, 2007) • Die Bedeutung der Pastoralkonstitution Gaudium et Spes fur die Pastoral heute (Bulletin ET, 2005) Question: does this mean that the interplay of 1 and the practice of 3 are in some way constitutive of the Church’s role in Response to an MI

39. Some recent theological trends: Social Doctrine in recent Spanish Theology • Ildefonso Camacho 1991 – doctrina social de la Iglesia • A Historical Approach • A constant focus on human need • Vatican II – new focus on modern human life • Church should be present in all need • Eugenio Alburquerque (2006) Moral social cristiana • Discipleship of Liberation and Justice • Charity, Justice, Truth, Peace, Personhood • Francisco Alarcos (2005) Bioetica global, Justicia y Teologia Moral • Globalisation brings risk and challenges • Re-emphasis of the Church’s teaching and presence in the midst of globalisation is vital • Solidarity • Inter and multi-cultural challenges

40. Some recent theological trends: the Church in public Life • The rise of Public Theology • The re-affirmation of Theology’s role in a world of Social Sciences and Specialiisation (Theological Studies 2005, Concilium 2006/2) • Doing God – A Future for Faith in the Public Square (Theos) • Duncan Forrester – Christian Justice and Public Policy (1999) • Rowan Williams in Brierley (2006) Public Life and the Place of the Church (reflections to honour the Bishop of Oxford)

41. Some recent theological trends: Summary • A move towards seeing global, not just local issues • A move towards re-asserting links social and individual responsibilities and duties, not just rights • A move to re-assert the Church has a duty and a right to engage in the public square • Some key foundations: virtues as common language • In a world challenged by terrorism and changing climate, these virtues are a language for faiths and civil authorities to collaborate

42. Taking this forward: Proposition 4 • The Church as Strong Community needs some clear structures to enact its role in EP • It also needs clear formation, regulation and systems which work • These things are the living out of Charity as called for in Deus Caritas Est and discussed in recent theology • They sit well with the cycle of emergency planning: Plan, Train, Exercise, Collaborate

43. Conclusion • We have examined the theological rationale for getting engaged • There is a natural fit, from first principles, between a distinctive Catholic understanding of Social Justice and the Common Good, and Emergency Planning • Witness, Presence and Response: Over to you!

44. Contact Details Jim McManus Assistant Director Health Improvement Barking & Dagenham PCT Clock House East Street Barking IG11 8EY Jim.mcmanus@bdpct.nhs.uk Tel 0208 532 6359 Fax 0208 532 6354