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Smart Demand: Lessons from Water

Dr Ben Anderson b.anderson@soton.ac.uk Sustainable Energy Research Group Faculty of Engineering and the Environment. Smart Demand: Lessons from Water. The Menu. The problem(s) with water Water ‘practices’ The problem with ‘demographics’ Lessons from water Implications for smart energy.

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Smart Demand: Lessons from Water

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  1. Dr Ben Anderson b.anderson@soton.ac.uk Sustainable Energy Research Group Faculty of Engineering and the Environment Smart Demand:Lessons from Water

  2. The Menu The problem(s) with water Water ‘practices’ The problem with ‘demographics’ Lessons from water Implications for smart energy Source: DEFRA, 2008

  3. The problem(s) with water… Over abstraction It costs to clean Energy (carbon) Supply Patchy (no grid) Locally variable Demand poorly understood Source: DEFRA, 2011 With no action

  4. What do we know? Domestic water demand is rising Mean daily consumption ~= 150 l/person/day ~= 140 l/person/day (2030)? More single households more total volume And Consumption = ƒ(occupancy) But look at the ranges! But that’s about it… Source: ESRC Sustainable Practices Group Water Survey, 2011 www.sprg.ac.uk Source: DEFRA, 2011

  5. Well… almost ‘Expected’ appliance use On average Actual appliance consumption Mean l/day For a few micro-measured households So… Consumption = ƒ(occupancy) + ƒ(appliances) But Source: Shove & Medd, 2005

  6. The trouble with averages… 5 ‘average’ households but they do different things So to reduce demand… What to target? Who to target? How to target them? Source: Shove & Medd, 2005 • Now… • Consumption = ƒ(occupancy * wpd) + ƒ(appliances * wpd) • Where wpd = What People Do

  7. But what do people do? Does this tell us? Social practices Habits Routines Neither fully conscious nor reflective Constraints & inter-dependences “Why people don’t do what they ‘should’” (Jim Skea, 2011)

  8. Washing practices 2011 survey N = 1800 “7 a week” 7 showers + 1 bath Do washing practices cluster? Source: ESRC Sustainable Practices Group Water Survey, 2011 www.sprg.ac.uk

  9. Washing practice clusters Dimensions Frequency Diversity Technology Outsourcing Source: ESRC Sustainable Practices Group Water Survey, 2011 www.sprg.ac.uk Whole sample

  10. Washing practice clusters Dimensions Frequency Diversity Technology Outsourcing Explain ~ 20% l/day variation Source: ESRC Sustainable Practices Group Water Survey, 2011 www.sprg.ac.uk

  11. But… Cluster membership is not easy to predict

  12. Lessons from water: Volume ~= ƒ(occupancy) +  ‘Attitudes’ are not that relevant Appliances provide a substrate for… What people do - social practices Help to explain variation () Across ‘similar’ households With similar appliances And similar accommodation Are habitual, routine & not fully conscious nor reflective So difficult to change

  13. Hot water! You can eco-tech all you like But it’s what people do with it that matters Implications for Energy H2 - low demand - little potential for shifting? H4 -high, peaky demand - potential for shifting? Source: A.S. Bahaj, P.A.B. James (2007) “Urban energy generation: The added value of photovoltaics in social housing” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11: 2121-2136

  14. Hot water! You can eco-tech all you like But it’s what people do with it that matters Smart Demand needs a handle on Habits, routines Barriers, constraints and flexibility Networks of demand And ways of ‘auto-targeting’ interventions That don’t rely on ‘demographics’ + ‘values’  Smart Monitoring? Implications for Energy

  15. Thank you Dr Ben Anderson (b.anderson@soton.ac.uk) www.energy.soton.ac.uk SPRG Sustainable Practices Research Group www.sprg.ac.uk DANCER Digital Agent Networking for Customer Energy Reduction (EPSRC) dancerproject.wordpress.com

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