Knowledge Network-Exploiting California’s Experience

1. Knowledge Network-Exploiting California’s Experience Jim Dolgonas President and CEO CENIC

2. Knowledge Network-Exploiting California’s Experience in Fiber-based Research and Education Networking • Why create knowledge network • CENIC as provider of knowledge network in California • Importance of high speed networking to research • Why separate, fiber-based network outside of normal telecommunications services is desirable for knowledge networks • Summary

3. Economic Impact of CA Public Education “California’s public education systems not only create vital educational opportunities that help improve the quality of life for all Californians, they also represent the economic engine that keeps California thriving and globally competitive.” -- CCC Chancellor Diane Woodruff

4. Economic Impact of CA Public Education • A strong economy needs a strong education community — examples include: • UC: critical to California’s leading industries (patents, research, start-ups) • CSU: 45% of California’s computer and electronics engineers • CCC: 300,000 engineering/industrial students each year, 200,000 IT students • K12: Supplies incoming students to ALL the above

5. Knowledge Network Empowering Education in California • Broadband networking strengthens California economy through empowering the CA educational community: • California K-12 System-over 1000 districts and 8000 schools • California’s Community Colleges-110 colleges • California State University-23 campuses • University of California-10 campuses • Private and Independent universities (e.g., Caltech, Stanford, USC, etc.)

6. Knowledge Network • Should be looked at as infrastructure, similar to power • Critical component for R&E today-and therefore critical to future economy

7. CENIC • Nonprofit, formed in 1997 by CA R&E community to exploit economies of scale in networking and offer pre commercial services • Originally 9 UC campuses, 3 CSU campuses, Caltech, Stanford, and USC • Now, all of CA K-20 public educational institutions, 3 original privates, Naval Postgraduate, USD, USF, NASA Ames, National U, Pepperdine, Wharton West etc. • Governed by & answerable to K-20 segments

8. CENIC’s Mission and Goals-focused and narrow • Mission: “…to develop, deploy and operate leading edge network-based services and to facilitate and coordinate their use for the research and education community to advance learning and innovation” • Goals: • Provide competitive advantage in global marketplace to education and research communities • Provide opportunities for innovation in teaching, learning and research through use of the network.

9. The CA Research & Education Network California K-12 system (8,000+ schools and COEs) California’s Community Colleges (110 campuses) CSU (23 campuses) UC (10 campuses) Caltech, USC, Stanford, MBARI Naval Postgrad, USD, USF Pepperdine, Wharton West

10. The CA Research & Education Network • Connectivity to Internet2, National LambdaRail, on to Europe • Connectivity to CUDI, CA*net4 • Connectivity to Pacific Rim and beyond w/ Pacific Wave

11. CENIC Funding Overview • National Science Foundation Grant-for some one-start up funds • Members pay fees for on going costs and costs for refreshing the network to maintain technology currency • When K-12 schools and 2 year community colleges added in 2000, restructured fees

12. California State and Federal Participation • No direct funding from State • Public college and university (State) budgets include funding for networking • Relatively small amounts of Federal funding (via National Science Foundation grants) for international connectivity)

13. Current funding and fees • Fee structure established to ENCOURAGE use-flat annual fees rather than usage-based fees • Though no direct State funding, customers/members include all public/State institutions

14. Fee Structure • Annual Backbone Fees- Equal for K12, 2 year colleges, 4 year public colleges and 4 year public research Universities. Fees pay for unlimited use. • Each pays for cost to connect from school/campus site to backbone (circuit or fiber plus equipment) • Some optional services-e.g., video teleconferencing paid for by those who use it

15. CENIC’s Members and Governance • Government not a member, not served • Commercial firms not a member, not served • May begin to support Statewide telemedicine network • Board is composed of members • State government is not on Board • Board representation is sized to educational segment (K-12, 2 year colleges, 4 year public colleges, 4 year public research and single research institutions)

16. Why Very High Speed Networking is Critical • Attract faculty/researchers • Compete and participate in international science/research • Satisfy needs of researchers/facilitate collaboration

17. Why Owned Fiber Networks for R&E • Economies in offering multiple high speed networks, via Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) • Ability to offer dedicated networking to individual researchers at very low, marginal cost, compared to pricing of common telecommunications carriers

18. Need to Serve Multiplicity of Needs • Fiber supported our needs to serve a wide range of uses, from K-12 to leading network researchers • Allows for the coexistence of multiple independent network tiers (using separate light waves or lambdas) Network Development and Evolution For the California Research and Education Community

19. Why CENIC Acquired Fiber-2001 • Cost containment-expenditures on TeleCo circuits linear • Responsiveness • Ability to meet different needs/flexibility • Ability to provision large amounts of capacity for short periods of time. • Ability to provision capacity upon little notice • Allow/support the unplanned/unthinkable

20. Why Acquire Fiber in 2008? • Cost containment. • Responsiveness. • Ability to meet different needs/flexibility. • Capabilities to: • Attract faculty, • Compete for research dollars, • Satisfy needs of researchers, and, • Support emerging telemedicine. • Allow/support unthinkable. • Critical component of cyber infrastructure.

21. Owned Fiber Networks Provide Freedom • Traditional network and organizational processes are fixed and immobile, limiting the ability for users or customers to innovate and create new custom solutions. • Owned fiber is the solution. • Grids and cyber-infrastructure are the first steps in this direction of user control and management in the research community. 

22. CENIC Fiber in CA • Dot com boom resulted in already installed fiber being available for sale to CENIC • CENIC has built fiber in addition to installed fiber-generally for relatively short distances, but up to 100 miles in one case • Fiber is either installed on existing telcom or power poles, in existing telecom conduit or in newly installed duct

23. Right of Ways and Permitting • In California, telecommunications companies have access to power poles. CENIC-acquired and -installed fiber obtained via competitive local exchange carriers • CalTrans (Dept of Highways) has new mandate to assist broadband deployment • In CA, are various entities having permitting jurisdictions-can slow down projects

24. Building Better High Speed Networking Tools for Higher Ed • Maintaining leadership in technology • Promotes innovation – Cyber infrastructure • Measures pre-eminence in higher ed among nations. • Creates new “norms of practice and rules, incentives, and constraints that shape individual and collective action”-NSF, Chief Arden Bement Jr

25. From “Supercomputer–Centric” to “Supernetwork-Centric” Cyberinfrastructure (Graph and Other Data from Timothy Lance, President, NYSERNet and Larry Smarr, Calit2) 32x10Gb “Lambdas” Computing Speed (GFLOPS) Bandwidth of NYSERNet Research Network Backbones 60 TFLOP Altix 1 GFLOP Cray2 Optical WAN Research Bandwidth Has Grown Much Faster Than Supercomputer Speed! Megabit/s T1 Network Data Source: Timothy Lance, President, NYSERNet

26. Application Drivers – A Sampler • Global Instruments: e.g. Large Hadron Collider, SKA, LOOKING, MARS (MBARI) • ORION, Neptune & Station Aloha • NEESGrid, TeraGrid • e-VLBI and other Astronomy Opportunities • HPC development and deployment strategies • Sensor networks, environmental monitoring • Telehealth, telemedicine, disease monitoring and control • High-definition video for HDTV, immersive videoconferencing, megaconferences, collaboratories, etc.

27. CalREN Connects You to the World! Through Pacific Wave CalREN provides a high-performance path for all users to colleagues worldwide. CalREN connects CA K-20 to one another and the world!

28. U. Washington JGN II Workshop Osaka, Japan Jan 2005 Prof. Smarr Telepresence Using Uncompressed 1.5 Gbps HDTV Streaming Over IP on Fiber Optics Prof. Osaka Prof. Aoyama Multiple HD Streams Over Lambdas Will Radically Transform Network Collaboration Source: U Washington Research Channel

29. Adding Web and Grid Services to Lambdas to Provide Real-Time Control of Ocean Observatories LOOKING: (Laboratory for the Ocean Observatory Knowledge Integration Grid) http://lookingtosea.ucsd.edu/ • Goal: Prototype Cyberinfrastructure for NSF’s Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Networks (ORION) Building on OptIPuter • LOOKING NSF ITR with PIs: • John Orcutt & Larry Smarr - UCSD • John Delaney & Ed Lazowska – UW • Mark Abbott – OSU • Collaborators at: • MBARI, WHOI, NCSA, UIC, CalPoly, UVic, CANARIE, Microsoft, NEPTUNE-Canarie

30. “Neptune” Ocean Observatories

31. Enabling International Collaborations: iAnatomy (Stanford/Canada) • Instructors and students at NOSM access The Bassett Collection of high-quality medical images at Stanford • Live image interaction and instructional use • Requires extremely large bandwidth, international fiber network connectivity 2007 winner of CENIC’s Innovations in Networking Award for High-Performance Research Applications

32. CENIC & Int’l Network Peering • Pacific Wave: distributed international peering facility for US/Pacific Rim R&E networks (RENs) • Joint project between CENIC and Pacific NW Gigapop w/ support from U Wash. • Three PW peering facilities (Sunnyvale, LA, Seattle) • Nat’l participation, and beyond Pacific Rim as well • Dependent on owned fiber infrastructure

33. Global e-VLBIiGrid / SC05 • Goal: Real-Time VLBI Radio Telescope Data Correlation • from the USA (MIT Haystack, GGAO), • Japan (Kashima) and • Europe (Onsala in Sweden, Jodrell in the UK, Westerbork in The Netherlands) • Achieved 512Mb Transfers from USA and Sweden to MIT, • Results Streamed to iGrid.

34. www.glif.is Visualization courtesy of Bob Patterson, NCSA. International Connectivity and Exchanges

35. Pacific Connectivity and SX TransPORT

36. International Research Collaborations • The list of potential collaborations continue to grow • A fiber-based network is require to participate in research collaborations

37. Summary • Knowledge Network is required for international research competitiveness • Knowledge Network requires fiber infrastructure • Fiber network can support other Mexico-specific needs (e.g., network backbone for K-12) • Governance structure must include members/users • Funding model must not discourage usage