1 / 45

What is the difference between Elements , Compounds & Mixtures ?

What is the difference between Elements , Compounds & Mixtures ?. Unit 3 Structure and Organization of Matter. What ISN ’ T an Element?. Earth, wind, fire and water are NOT elements! Earth - most all substances on the periodic table Wind - air is made up of multiple gases

thy
Download Presentation

What is the difference between Elements , Compounds & Mixtures ?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. What is the difference between Elements, Compounds & Mixtures? Unit 3 Structure and Organization of Matter

  2. What ISN’T an Element? • Earth, wind, fire and water are NOT elements! • Earth - most all substances on the periodic table • Wind - air is made up of multiple gases • Fire - is plasma, anything burning • Water - Hydrogen & Oxygen

  3. What ARE Elements? • Pure substances • Any substance with a single kind of particle • Those particles ALL have the same kind of atoms • The particles cannot be divided further. Diamond = pure carbon

  4. How are Elements Identified? • Physical Properties • Boiling point • Melting point • Density • Chemical Properties • Reactivity with acid • Reactivity with oxygen

  5. How are Elements Categorized? • By their properties • Physical & Chemical • Three major types of elements • Metals • Metalloids • Non-metals

  6. Draw a table like the one below

  7. What are Metals? • Shiny, good conductors of heat & electricity • Malleable - can bend • Ductile - pulled into wire • 95% of all elements are metals

  8. The Metals

  9. What are Non-metals? • Dull, not too shiny • Poor conductors of heat & electricity • Solids are brittle and break easily • Not many solid objects are made up of non-metals

  10. The Non-metals

  11. What are Metalloids? • They are semi-conductors • Some conduct electricity • Electrical conductivity is not as good as metals • Have some properties of both metals & nonmetals • Shiny, metallic appearance • Some are malleable & ductile

  12. The Metalloids

  13. What are Compounds? A pure substance made of 2 or more elements.

  14. What else can be said of Compounds? • Elements combine through a chemical reaction • Elements don’t randomly form compounds • Elements combine in a very specific ratio - based on the element’s mass

  15. What are the properties of Compounds? • Physical properties are similar to Elements: • Melting point, density, etc… • Chemical properties can include: • Reactivity to oxygen • Reactivity to acid • Reactivity to light Caffeine

  16. Can Compounds be broken down? • Through a chemical change • Most time a lot of energy must be added to cause the change • Heat • Electricity • Light Light can break this compound down

  17. What are common Compounds? • Common organic compounds include carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen • Such as those found in caffeine • Theobromine - the active ingredient in chocolate

  18. What is a Mixture? A combination of 2 or more substances that are NOT chemically combined

  19. What is a Mixture? (continued) • Two or more substances will not react together • No chemical change occurs • Each substance has the same chemical makeup in the mixture • Salt water • The salt (NaCl) is still there as well as the water (H2O)

  20. Can Mixtures be separated? • Yes, through…. • Distillation • Uses boiling points • Evaporation • Atmospheric pressure • Magnet • Removing iron • Centrifuge • Uses the densities

  21. Made of elements, compounds, or both No charge in original properties of components - not electrical Separated by physical means Formed using ANY ratio of components Made of elements only Change in original properties of components Separated by chemical means Formed using a set ratio of components Mixtures vs. Compounds

  22. What about the ratio of components in a Mixture? • Do not have to be mixed in any particular ratio • Granite is an excellent example of this quality to mixtures

  23. What is a solution? • A mixture that appears to be a single substance • Composed of 2 or more substances that are distributed evenly among each other • Have the same appearance & properties throughout • Cannot be filtered

  24. What are parts to a solution? • The process of particles separating spreading through a mixture is called dissolving • Solute - the substance that is dissolved • Solvent - the substance in which thesolute isdissolved

  25. What are examples of different Solutions? • Gas in gas - • dry air, O2 In N2 • Gas in liquid - • soft drinks, CO2 in H2O • Liquid in liquid - • antifreeze, alcohol in H2O • Solid in liquid - • Salt water, NaCl in H2O • Solid in solid (Alloy)- • brass, zinc in copper

  26. What is Solubility? • The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent, like… • Putting sugar in water • Only so much sugar (solute) will dissolve in water (solvent)

  27. What is the difference between Dilute & Concentrated • Dilute solution contains less solute • Concentrated solutions contain more solute

  28. Dissolving gases in Liquids • As the solvent (water) becomes warmer the gas becomes less soluble • This is why a warm can of Mountain Dew will go “flat” faster. • Gas that is dissolved in the water can’t stay dissolved as the temperature rises.

  29. On the other side, however…

  30. Dissolving Solids in Liquids • Three ways to speed up the dissolving • Mixing/stirring (agitating) the solute in the solvent • Heating the solvent • Crushing the solute before placing it in the solvent 2 3 1

  31. What is a Suspension? • A mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are large enough to settle out • Heterogeneous • Must be shaken or stirred periodically to remain mixed • The suspension can be separated by use of a filter

  32. Other Suspensions…

  33. What are Colloids? • Mixtures with properties in between solutions & suspensions • Homogeneous • Particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out

  34. Other Colloids….

  35. Our Atmosphere is a mixture

  36. Element, Compound, or Mixture?

  37. Next up ….. The Periodic Table of the Elements!

More Related