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Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction. Module 1.1: Beginnings. Looking Ahead . What is Lifespan Development?. LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT is the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan. Assumptions about Developmental Study.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

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  1. Chapter 1: Introduction Module 1.1: Beginnings

  2. Looking Ahead

  3. What is Lifespan Development? • LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT is the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan.

  4. Assumptions about Developmental Study • Scientific, developmental approach that focuses on human development • Neither heredity nor environment alone can account for the full range of human develop • Development is continuing process throughout lifespan • Every period of life contains potential for growth and decline in abilities • Process of development persists throughout every part of people’s lives

  5. Major Topical Areas

  6. Age and Range Differences

  7. Cultural Factors and Developmental Diversity • Broad factors • Orientation toward INDIVIDUALISM or COLLECTIVISM • Finer differences • Ethnicity • Race • Socioeconomic status • Gender

  8. Do you agree? • It is only by looking for similarities and differences among various ethnic, cultural, and racial groups that developmental researchers can distinguish principles of development that are universal from ones that are culturally determined.

  9. If visitors from another country came to class and asked you to describe your cohort, what would you tell them? ? ? ?

  10. Cohort • A cohort is a group of people born at around the same time in the same place

  11. Influences on Development

  12. Review and Apply REVIEW • Lifespan development is a scientific approach to understanding human growth and change throughout life. • The field covers a broad range of ages and topical areas. Its chief aim is to examine the links between human age groups and the areas of physical, cognitive, social, and personality development.

  13. Review and Apply REVIEW • Membership in a cohort, based on age and place of birth, subjects people to influences based on historical events (history-graded influences). • People are also subject to age-graded influences, sociocultural-graded influences, and non-normative life events.

  14. Review and Apply APPLY • What are some examples in your life of events and experiences that have affected your age cohort differently than other cohorts?

  15. Key issues and questions in determining the nature-and nurture-of lifespan development

  16. Key Issues

  17. Critical and Sensitive Periods • Critical period: a specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necessary for development to proceed normally • Sensitive period: a point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible results.

  18. Nature vs. Nurture • Nature refers to traits, abilities and capacities that are inherited from one’s parents. It encompasses any factor that is produced by the predetermined unfolding of genetic information – a process known as maturation.

  19. Nature vs. Nurture • Nurture refers to the environmental influences that shape behavior. These influences can be biological, social, or societal – such as socioeconomic factors.

  20. Review and Apply REVIEW • Four important issues in lifespan development are continuity vs. discontinuity in development, the importance of critical periods, whether to focus on certain periods or on the entire life span, and the nature-nurture controversy • These issues have been the subject of research and discussions since the field began

  21. Review and Apply REVIEW • Research and discussions on these issues have led to the conclusion that for three of them, no either-or answer makes sense • For the “focus on certain periods” issue, however, there is a general agreement that development is not limited to childhood and adolescence but continues throughout the life span

  22. Review and Apply APPLY • What are some examples of ways culture (either broad culture or aspects of culture) affects human development?

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