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3. Social Inclusion

Context on why lifelong learning?. 2. Demographic * ageing * migration. 1. Economic Competitiveness/ Kick-start economies. 4. Political Maintenance/development of democratic societies. 3. Social Inclusion. 5. Personal Development. Spectrum of State Involvement. Mixed model.

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3. Social Inclusion

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  1. Context on why lifelong learning? 2. Demographic * ageing * migration 1. Economic Competitiveness/ Kick-start economies 4. Political Maintenance/development of democratic societies 3.Social Inclusion 5. Personal Development

  2. Spectrum of State Involvement Mixed model ‘Public service’ model LLL as ‘public good’ Strong involvement of state ‘Market’/’quasi-market’ model LLL as ‘private good’ Minimal involvement of state Mixed model Position dictated by: History and/or Ideology and/or Resources

  3. Gaps in participation • ‘Matthew effect 1’ - volume & distribution - a ‘double-edged sword’? • Adults with high level of education are > 6 times > likely to participate than low skilled • Age - persons aged 55-64 participate 4 times less (4.6%) than persons aged 25-34 years (15.5%) • 61% of aged 55+ have never used a computer

  4. Policy Goals - Tensions • Economic, social and/or cultural policy?? • Government/Social movement/private sector • Learning for a living : learning for living • Employability /Social cohesion • More & better jobs : better social cohesion • A public good : a private good • Government responsibility/learner agency • Political control : market control • Knowledge economy : knowledge society • Contexts: Globalization/decentralization

  5. LLL in the 21ST CENTURY Needs to address a wide range of divides, e.g; • knowledge divide; skills divide • digital divide; gender divide (e.g. ethnic minorities); age divide A social inclusion and equality framework serving multiple purposes, viz., • compensatory (recompense for learning not achieved) • educational (prepares for next level) • economic (the labour market) • redistributive (access to qualifications) • promotion of equality (between sectors) • inter-generational

  6. Challenges 1. Vision/Reality of poverty >Ensuring a holistic perspective (with political , cultural , financial and technical dimensions)that transforms inequities 2. Policy discourse/implementation • How to organize/manage LLL in the context of decentralization • Coordinating different govt agencies • Bringing LLL closer to the people who need them most • Strengthening local initiatives

  7. Challenges 3. Synergies/fragmentation • Formal/non-formal • RVA of prior learning 4. Partnership /Competition >The complexity of providing LLL opportunities requires active involvement of social partners & civil society >Building networks of providers and learners 5. Motivating learners/creativity and autonomy

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