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PENGANTAR EKONOMI

PENGANTAR EKONOMI. PREPARED BY : H. MUSTIKA LUKMAN ARIEF, SE.,MBA.,MM. ECONOMICS. WHAT IS ECONOMICS? Economics is the study of the ways that individuals and societies allocate their limited resources to try to satisfy their unlimited wants. Key Word :. NEEDS: UNLIMITED. RESOURCES:

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PENGANTAR EKONOMI

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  1. PENGANTAR EKONOMI PREPARED BY : H. MUSTIKA LUKMAN ARIEF, SE.,MBA.,MM.

  2. ECONOMICS • WHAT IS ECONOMICS? • Economics is the study of the ways that individuals and societies allocate their limited resources to try to satisfy their unlimited wants. Key Word: NEEDS: UNLIMITED RESOURCES: LIMITED GAP • NR • HR • CR • E • INFLATION • UNEMPLOYMENT • UNEQUALITY • - FUNCTIONAL & • SIZE • - REGIONAL • - INDIVIDUAL • 4. POVERTY ECONOMICS PROBLEMS • WHAT’S • HOW • WHEN • FOR WHOM GOODS & SERVICES CHOICES OPPORTUNITY COST

  3. MODEL ANALISIS EKSPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eksperimental Abstraction Real World Teoritical Abstraction Logical Model Logical Argumen Eksperimen Statistical Interpretation Obsevations Real World Conclusions Theoretical Interpretation Logical Conclusions

  4. TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM TRADITI-ONAL ECONO-MIC SYSTEM: A system in which the question what, how, for whom, and when are answered in the same way from generation to generation. • COMMAND ECONOMIC SYSTEM: • A system in which the question what, how, for whom, and when are answered by a central authority: • COMMUNISM: An economic system in which property and the means of production are owned and operated by the workers in common. • SOCIALISM: An economic system in which the means of production are owned and operated by the state MARKET SYSTEM: A system in which the question what, how, for whom, and when are answered through independent decisions of the people. This often used interchangeable with capitalism. MIXED ECONOMY: An economic system in which there are elements of tradition, command, and the market.

  5. ACTORS OF ECONOMY • GOVERNMENT: • To protect private property • To regulate money • To produce public goods and services • To assess social cost • To regulate and maintain competition • To promote economic growth and stability • To fight poverty • To eliminate discrimination • To receive of taxes • To send of subsidy • HOUSEHOLD: • Suppliers of input factor • Demander of goods and services • Payer taxes • FIRMS: • Suppliers of goods and services • Demander of input factor • Payer of taxes

  6. Pasar untuk barang-barang hasil produksi Permintaan Penawaran Sepatu Sepatu Harga-harga barang hasil produksi Pakaian Pakaian Perumahan Perumahan Konsumen Produksi WHAT HOW FOR WHOM Rumah Tangga Pembayaran, Upah, Sewa, Bunga Pemilik Faktor Produksi Harga-harga faktor produksi (upah, sewa, bunga) Tenaga Kerja Tenaga Kerja Tanah Tanah Modal Modal Pasar untuk faktor-faktor produksi Penawaran Permintaan

  7. MARKET RESOURCE MARKET PRODUCT MARKET FINANCIAL MARKET

  8. KESEIMBANGAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL DALAM PEREKONOMIAN TIGA SEKTOR Gaji dan upah, sewa, bunga untung Pajak perusahaan Gaji dan upah RUMAH TANGGA PEMERINTAH PERUSAHAAN Pajak Individu Pengeluaran pemerintah Tabung- an Konsumsi rumah tangga Investasi BANK Pinjaman PENANAM MODAL LEMBAGA KEUANGAN

  9. MICROECONOMICS VS MACROECONOMICS MICROECONOMICS • Eff of Resources • Max. Satisfaction/Profit MACROECONOMICS • Government Regulation • Economic Activity  AD and AS` MACROECONOMICS ISSUES (WHY NOT) • HIGH ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STABILITY • IMPROVEMENT ECONOMIC • PRICE STABILITY • UNEMPLOYMENT/ POVERTY REDUCTION INFLUENCES FACTORS OF MACROECONOMIC . PRIVATE CONSUMPTION (C) • INVESTMENT (I) • GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE (G) • NET EXPORT (EXPORT-IMPORT) (X-M)

  10. MACROECONOMIC PROBLEM • ECONOMIC GROWTH • UNSTABLE OF EC. ACTIVITY • UNEMPLOYMENT AND INFLATION • TRADE AND BALANCE OF PAYMENT MACROECONOMIC POLICY • FISCAL POLICY • MONETARY POLICY • SUPPLY SIDE POLICY GOAL OF MACROECONOMIC • RAPID GROWTH • PRICE STABILITY • INCOME EQUALITY • FULL EMPLOYMENT

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