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Canada

Canada. Pages 164 – 171 And Pages 178 - 183. Vocabulary. Cultural Mosaic – When people from different areas keep their cultural identity. Constitutional Monarchy – Government in which the power of the king or queen is limited by the constitution.

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Canada

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  1. Canada Pages 164 – 171 And Pages 178 - 183

  2. Vocabulary • Cultural Mosaic – When people from different areas keep their cultural identity. • Constitutional Monarchy – Government in which the power of the king or queen is limited by the constitution. • Plural Society – A society in which people are encouraged to maintain their distinctive cultural, ethnic, and racial identities.

  3. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Canada’s climate and landforms divide it into several different regions.

  4. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Canada borders the United States to the North • The two countries share many traits in common. • Canada is the second largest country in the world in land area. (Russia is the largest)

  5. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Arctic Region • Mainly consists of Arctic Archipelago • Within the Arctic Circle • Tundra climate with freezing temperatures in both summer and winter. Limited Vegetation – moss and shrubs • Subarctic climate with short cool rainy summers.

  6. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Arctic Region • The Arctic Archipelago is made up of thousands of islands that are covered in ice and snow almost all year. It thaws for a short time in the summer but it is considered to have permafrost. Permafrost is soil that doesn’t thaw. • Baffin Island, which is where our musical selection was from, is located in the Arctic Archipelago.

  7. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Canadian Shield • Large rocky area with many lakes • Located from the Hudson Bay to the Canadian Cordillera • Subarctic climate with short cool rainy summers. • Continental, Cool Summer climate with hot and humid summers and very cold winters.

  8. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Canadian Shield • Largest physical region, covering 2.8 million square miles. • This region was created by glaciers. The Great Lakes were also created by glaciers. • There are many minerals in this region. Copper, Iron, Nickel, Lead, Gold, and Silver can be found here.

  9. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Atlantic Provinces • Contains the northern part of the Appalachian Mts. • Located in the East near the Atlantic Ocean. • Continental, Cool Summer climate with hot and humid summers and very cold winters.

  10. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Atlantic Provinces • The Grand Banks is found in this region. The Grand Banks is one of the best fishing areas in the world. It is considered a mixing zone. This is because warm waters from the Gulf Stream and cold waters from the Labrador Current meet and mix here. This causes nutrients to be stirred up and the plankton eats the nutrients. Fish then come to the area to eat the plankton.

  11. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • St. Lawrence River Valley • Most Populated Region which is located near the Great Lakes and Atlantic Ocean. • St. Lawrence River is the longest and most important river in Canada. • Continental, Cool Summer climate with hot and humid summers and very cold winters. • The St. Lawrence River, like many rivers in Canada, is used to produce Hydroelectric Power.

  12. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • St. Lawrence River Valley • St. Lawrence lowland is found on both sides of the river. • It is a good place for farming and industry. There is fertile soil here and it is near the river which is good for trade and transportation. • It is called Canada’s Heartland because most of Canada’s people, industries, cities, and farmland is found there. • The river connects inland Canada with the Atlantic Ocean.

  13. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Interior Plains • These plains are a part of the Great Plains. • Located between the Canadian Shield and Cordillera. • Continental, Cool Summer climate with hot and humid summers and very cold winters. • Fertile land that host small farms and ranches. • Natural gas and coal are also found in this region.

  14. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Canadian Cordillera • Contains the northern part of the Rocky Mts. • Near the Pacific Ocean • Continental, Cool Summer climate with hot and humid summers and very cold winters. • Also has the maritime climate and semiarid climate. Maritime is influenced by the weather coming off of the ocean. Semiarid climates have summer and winter but can experience drought.

  15. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Canadian Cordillera • Cordillera means “mountain ranges” in Spanish. • This area is known for great views, ski resorts, and it has a history in mining.

  16. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • After learning about all of the different regions, use this population density map to decide why the population is concentrated in certain areas.

  17. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Canada’s Economy – • Changed from a dependence on natural resources to a service based economy. • Industries were using many natural resources so the government put out regulations to decrease the use of the resources. • Agriculture and Fishing Industries have decreased

  18. Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • Canada’s Environment • Natural Resources and the environment have been threatened. • Air Pollution is a major issue. The USA works with Canada to reduce Air Pollution. • 1990’S – Air Quality Agreement to reduce acid rain • 2003 – Border Quality Strategy to reduce smog near US Canada border. • In 1997 Canada enacted the Climate Change Plan that contained guidelines to reduce global warming. • The Arctic however is still fragile and threatened by things such as gas and oil spills.

  19. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • Canada’s Government • The United States and Canada have many similarities; however, history, culture, and politics are different. • The United States experienced a fast break with Great Britain, while Canada had a long, slow separation.

  20. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • The British created Canada in 1867. • In 1982 Canada passed a constitution. It is called the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. (Similar to the US Bill of Rights) • Canada has a Constitutional Monarchy. They have three branches of government which is similar to the United States. • The Queen’s role is ceremonial. Her representative the Governor General alternates between a French and English Canadian. (They must be bilingual though.)

  21. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 Executive Legislative Judicial • The King and Queen and their representative the Governor General have limited duties. • Creates and Passes Laws • * Leader of the Majority Party becomes the Prime Minister • Applies and Interprets the laws of the Canadian Constitution Queen Elizabeth Judiciary Parliament Prime Minister Stephen Harper Governor General Michaëlle Jean House of Commons Senate Supreme Court /Federal Court

  22. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • The three branches of the government are a little different from the US because there are no divisions between the executive and legislative branches. • Canada’s government’s goal is to work to preserve the diversity of their cultures.

  23. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • Canada has good healthcare, laws to improve the environment, modern transportation, and a high standard of living. • #1 in the percentage of college graduates in its total population. • #2 in Internet Users • 99% Literacy Rate • Unemployment is low

  24. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • Canada and Trade • NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) allows more than 1 billion dollars of trade to go between Canada and the US per day. • WTO (World Trade Organization) also helps to increase their trade.

  25. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • Canada is a peacekeeping country. • They work with the United Nations on almost every peacekeeping mission the UN has gone on since 1956.

  26. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • Canada’s Culture • The population is a mix of Indigenous people, descendants of early settlers who were from England and France, and immigrants from other countries.

  27. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • Canada is a plural society. They are also said to have a cultural mosaic. • In the 1970’s Canada adopted a multicultural viewpoint. This means that they encourage their citizens to carry on their parents’ and grandparents’ culture.

  28. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • French and English are both official languages of the country. • Toronto is the largest Canadian city and one of the most diverse ethnic cities in the world. • Montreal and Vancouver are also large and diverse cities.

  29. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • US culture flows easily into Canada. • Canada’s biggest challenge is to keep their Canadian identity. • A law has been made that Canadian TV must show a certain amount of Canadian content programming.

  30. Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183 • Geography and Diversity are important in Canada’s future. • Also, relationships with the United States concerning foreign policy, trade, economy, and cultureare important to Canada.

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