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Biochemistry Part 1

Biochemistry Part 1. {Carbohydrates and Lipids. Macromolecules. Macromolecules are giant (comparatively) molecules, they are typically made up of hundreds of smaller molecules Polymerization - building large things by putting smaller things together

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Biochemistry Part 1

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  1. Biochemistry Part 1 {Carbohydrates and Lipids

  2. Macromolecules • Macromolecules are giant (comparatively) molecules, they are typically made up of hundreds of smaller molecules • Polymerization- building large things by putting smaller things together • The small parts are called monomersand the large parts are called polymers

  3. Carbohydrates • Used by living things as the MAIN source of energy • Also used by plants and some animals as structural support

  4. Simple Carbohydrates • Monomer • Monosaccharide • Glucose (Table Sugar) • Fructose ( What makes Fruit Sweet)

  5. Complex Carbohydrates • Polymer • Polysaccharide • Starch (Energy storage in plants) • Cellulose (Structural support in plants, fiber) • Glycogen (Energy Storage in humans) • Chitin (Why bugs go crunch)

  6. Sources of Carbohydrates • Polysaccharides • Breads, Pasta, Beans, Potatoes, and grains • Monosaccharides • Fruits, Candy, Soft Drinks, and sugar

  7. Lipids • Lipids can be categorized as fats, oils, and waxes

  8. Functions of Lipids • Energy Storage • Waterproof coatings • Structural component of the cell membrane • Signaling molecules (steroids)

  9. Basic Lipid Structure • Most lipids are formed when a glycerol combines with fatty acids

  10. Lipid Types • Saturated: the fatty acids contain only single bonds within them(Typically Solid at Room Temp) • Unsaturated: the fatty acids have at least one double bond within them(Typically Liquid at Room Temp) • Polyunsaturated: more than one double bond • Monounsaturated: exactly one double bond

  11. Sources of Lipids • Saturated: Animal Products (red meat and dairy products), Coconut, and Cocoa (chocolate) • Unsaturated • Polyunsaturated: Fish, Walnuts, Sunflower Seeds, Flaxseed • Monounsaturated: Peanut Butter, Avocado, Olives, Almonds, Cashews

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