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Models of Acids and Bases

Models of Acids and Bases. Arrhenius Model. Swedish chemist: Svante Arrhenius 1883 Acids are substances that contain hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution

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Models of Acids and Bases

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  1. Models of Acids and Bases

  2. Arrhenius Model • Swedish chemist: Svante Arrhenius • 1883 • Acids are substances that contain hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution • Bases are substances that contain hydroxide group and dissociates to produce hydroxide ion in aqueous solution

  3. In Chemistry Terms HCl (g) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

  4. Limitations • The Arrhenius model does not explain how ammonia (NH3) is a base • Does not contain hydroxide group, yet produces OH- ions in an aqueous solution NH3(s) + H2O(l)  NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

  5. Brønsted-Lowry Model • Danish chemist Johannes Brønsted • English chemist Thomas Lowry • Independently worked on a more comprehensive definition of acids and bases • Combined their work

  6. Definitions • Acids are hydrogen ion donor – able to give H+ ions • Bases are hydrogen ion acceptors – able to take H+ ions NH3(s) + H2O(l)  NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

  7. PracticeIdentify the acids and bases • NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) • HBr(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Br-(aq) • CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) • HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(l) + SO42-(aq)

  8. PracticeIdentify the acids and bases 1. NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) (acid) (base) Brønsted- Lowry Model 2. HBr(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Br-(aq) (acid) (base) Both 3. CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) (base) (acid) Brønsted-Lowry Model 4. HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(l) + SO42-(aq) (acid) (base) Both

  9. ConnectionsIdentify the reduced and oxidized compounds • NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) • HBr(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Br-(aq) • CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) • HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(l) + SO42-(aq)

  10. ConnectionsIdentify the reduced and oxidized compounds 1. NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) Reduced Oxidized 2. HBr(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Br-(aq) Reduced Oxidized 3. CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) Oxidized Reduced 4. HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(l) + SO42-(aq) Reduced Oxidized

  11. Lewis Model • American Gilbert N. Lewis • 1923 • Redefined acids and bases using electrons • Acids accept electrons (reduced) • Bases donate electrons (oxidized)

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