Medical Terminology

1. Medical Terminology Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology Mrs. Spearman

2. Objectives: 1. I can identify the roles of the four types of word parts used in forming medical terms. 2. By using your knowledge of word parts, I can analyze unfamiliar medical terms 3. I can define commonly used prefixes, word roots, combining forms, and suffixes.

3. The Language of Medicine The language of medicine is specialized vocabulary used by health-care professionals.

4. Writing is Key • Correct spelling is essential because • A misspelled word may have an entirely different meaning. • Correct spelling helps with the pronunciation of the medical term.

5. Word Parts • There are 4 word parts associated with medical term • Word Roots • Combining Forms • Prefixes • Suffixes

6. Word Roots • The word root is the main body of a word. • All words have a word root. • Word roots are the building blocks for most medical terms • Examples:

7. Combining Forms • A word root + (/) combining vowel = combining form • The most frequently used vowel is o. • Examples:

8. Write It • Write either WR (for “word root” or CF (for “combining form”) to identify these word parts. • ______ cyan/o • ______ erythr/o • ______ melan/o • ______ leuk • ______ neur/o • ______ enter

9. Prefixes Suffixes • A word roots are usually written with a prefix and/or a suffix to form a medical term. • When written by itself a prefix is usually followed by a hyphen (-) • Examples: • Pre- • Post- • A suffix is attached to the end of a word root to create a medical term. • A suffix is usually preceded by a hyphen (-) when the suffix is written by itself • Examples: • -cyte • -itis • -al

10. Write It • Identify the following word parts as a P (for prefix), S (for suffix), or CF (for combining form) for the following word parts: • ____ peri- 7. ____ -itis • ____ tonsill/o 8. ____ pre- • ____ dermat/o 9. ____ -pathy • ____ eu- 10.____ rhin/o • ____ -ology • ____ hydr/o

11. Reminder Remember that when combining forms are written alone, they contain a combining vowel, usually an o, as in cardi/o.

12. Combining Word Parts to Write Terms • Rules for creating medical terms using a combining form and suffix: • The combining vowel is used before suffixes that begin with a consonant. • Example: gastr/o + -megaly = gastromegaly • The combining vowel is used when joining together more than one combining form • Example: gastro/ + enter/o + -megaly = gastroenteromegaly • Do not use a combining vowel if the suffix begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, or u) • Example: gastr/o + -itis = gastritis

13. More Examples • Prefix + Combining Form + Suffix • Poly- + arthr/o + -itis = polyarthritis • Combining Form + Suffix • Arthr/o + -itis = arthritis • Prefix + Suffix • Dys- + -pnea = dyspnea

14. Building Terms with a Combining Form and Suffixes

15. Decipher these medical terms based on their word parts:

16. Build It (Remember the rules) • Write terms from these word parts 1. dys- + -pnea= __________________ 2. enter/o + -ic= __________________ 3. eu- + -pepsia= __________________ 4. tonsill/o + -itis = __________________ 5. dermat/o+ -ologist= ___________________ 6. pre- + nat/o + -al= __________________ 7. leuk/o + -cyte= ____________________ 8. appendic/o + -itis = _________________ 9. Hyper- + -emia= ___________________ 10. endo- + cardi/o + -al = _______________

17. To determine a word’s meaning: • Always start at the suffix, and work toward the beginning. • As you separate the word parts, identify the meaning of each. Identifying the meaning of each part should give you a definition. • Because some word parts have more than one meaning, it is also necessary to determine what body system the term is referring to. (Example: myel/o means spinal cord or bone marrow) Determining a Word’s meaning

18. Otorhinolaryngology

19. Combining Forms Indicating Color

20. Suffixes Related to Pathology

21. Suffixes Related to Procedures

22. The “Double R” Suffixes

23. Prefixes

24. Contrasting Prefixes

25. Commonly Confused Terms

26. Commonly Confused Terms

27. Commonly Confused Terms

28. Commonly Confused Terms

29. Write It! Directions: Select the correct answer. • The medical term gastritis orgastrosisdescribe inflammation of the stomach. • An appendectomy or appendicitis is the surgical removal of the appendix. • The abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery is called arteriosclerosis orarterionecrosis. • An inflammation of the stomach and small intestine is know as gastritis or gastralgiaor gastroenteritis. • The term meaning pain in a joint is • arthralgiaor arthritis or arteritis.

30. Write It! Word Surgery • Divide each term into its word parts. (You may not need all the lines provided.) • Otorhinolaryrngology is the study of the ear nose and throat. • _________ _____________ ________________ _______________ • The term mycosis means abnormal condition caused by fungus. • __________ _____________ ________________ ________________ • Poliomyelitis is a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord. • __________ _____________ ________________ ________________ • Neonatology is the study of disorders of the newborn. • __________ _____________ ________________ ________________ • 5. The term endarterial means pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery. • __________ _____________ ________________ ________________

31. Infection Inflammation • Invasion of the body by a disease-producing organism • Signs and symptoms of infection include: • malaise (feeling of discomfort), • chills and fever, • redness, • heat, • swelling, or • exudate from a wound. (fluid (pus) that leaks from infected wound). • Inflammation—the body’s response to injury • Signs of inflammation: • erythema (redness), • hyperthermia (heat), • edema (swelling), • and pain. Look-AlikeSound-Alike Terms