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Evaluating BRAC ’ s Adolescent Girls Program in Uganda

Evaluating BRAC ’ s Adolescent Girls Program in Uganda. 28 th April, 2011. 130 million people 120,000 staff 11 Countries $500 million operating budget. The GE of Development. Dairy. Microfinance Health Education Agriculture & Food Security Environment Gender Justice and Diversity.

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Evaluating BRAC ’ s Adolescent Girls Program in Uganda

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  1. Evaluating BRAC’s Adolescent Girls Program in Uganda 28th April, 2011

  2. 130 million people • 120,000 staff • 11 Countries • $500 million operating budget

  3. The GE of Development Dairy Microfinance Health Education Agriculture & Food Security Environment Gender Justice and Diversity Feed Mills

  4. BRAC’s work with Adolescent Girls and Young People 1990 1993 Training and support to girls graduating from the BRAC Primary schools Schools turned into Reading centers in the afternoons creating safe-spaces for adolescent girls Program further evolves into a full-fledged Adolescent Development Initiative 2003 2005 Microfinance services provided to adolescent girls through a separate program 2007 Through Nike Foundation support BRAC pilots an integrated approach: Safe-spaces, Life skills and livelihood training and financial services Programs shows strong impact Expanded the NF funded pilot in Bangladesh ---SOFEA Launch integrated ELA program in Uganda, Tanzania, South Sudan and Afghanistan

  5. Demographically Uganda is the Youngest Country in the World

  6. Key Program Components • Adolescent Development Clubs – established meeting place within a village • Life Skills Training – initial training of mentors and ongoing training for club members by mentors • Livelihood Training – six demand-driven training programs on wage employment and/or entrepreneurship • Microfinance • Community Participation – village support committees and mothers’ forum

  7. Research questions • How effective is social empowerment and livelihood training in raising the well-being of adolescent girls? • How much additional impact does microfinance have? • Great team of researchers from LSE, UCL, World Bank and BRAC

  8. Results Chain INPUTS ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS OUTCOMES LONGER-TERM OUTCOMES (Higher order goals)

  9. Evaluation Design • Randomization into treatment and control at the village level • Two treatments: ADC with phased-in microfinance • Two thirds of villages randomly assigned to be treated, one third assigned to be controls

  10. Determinant of intent to participate • Girls are more likely to participate • who are likely to place high value on financial independence • who are not full-time in school • if they are in poorer villages • who do not have previous NGO exposure • if their marginal benefit of participating is higher

  11. What are we learning and changing?

  12. Thank You

  13. Back-up

  14. Some related literature • Typically presumed that poverty reduction is associated with gender equality • Two-way causality: Sen’s (1990) original missing women article emphasized how empowering women can accelerate development • Economic literature shows positive effects of microfinance (Banerjee et al 2009; Udry and Anagol 2006; McKenzie and Woodruff 2007) and training (Karlan and Valdivia, 2009) to entrepreneurs • Cross country macro evidence suggests gender equality has increased as countries develop • Harder to find micro-evidence that microfinance facilitates female empowerment over how to use the additional resources (Kantor 2005, Ashraf et al 2008, Banerjee et al 2009)

  15. Identification Strategy (cont)

  16. Output/outcome indicators • Time spent in education, income generating activities, and leisure • Financial literacy • Psychosocial domains: attitudes towards entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial ability, self confidence, aspirations, and overall life satisfaction • Employment and Income • Expenditures and poverty • Savings, borrowing, and lending • Empowerment and expectation related to marriage prospects, fertility, and children • Risky behaviors • Relationships with parents, friends, and partners; Domestic violence

  17. Treatment effect on treated • Actual participation • 35 girls are participating in each club in the 100 treated villages • Take-up rate in Uganda among 14-20 year olds is 18% • However, girls outside this age range are also participating • Hence this might lead us to try and survey a wider age range of girls in follow-ups

  18. Evaluation Design and Timing • Randomization into treatment and control at the village level • Two treatments: ADC with phased-in microfinance • Two thirds of villages randomly assigned to be treated, one third assigned to be controls 18

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