1 / 28

HUMAN FACTORS & ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

HUMAN FACTORS & ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY. GROUP MEMBER: LIM SOO KHOON WONG KIAN KOK NGU NGOK WEI CHONG KOK CHUN MOHAMAD AZLAN BIN MOHD NAJIB MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN ISHAK. HUMAN FACTORS.

torin
Download Presentation

HUMAN FACTORS & ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HUMAN FACTORS & ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY GROUP MEMBER: • LIM SOO KHOON • WONG KIAN KOK • NGU NGOK WEI • CHONG KOK CHUN • MOHAMAD AZLAN BIN MOHD NAJIB • MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN ISHAK

  2. HUMAN FACTORS • Human factors is a specialty area of I/O psychology concerned with designing tools, machines, work systems, and workplaces to fit workers. • Human factors also has a goal of training workers to use machines and systems and to protect worker safety and comfort. • The earliest roots of human factors lie with Frederick Taylor, but human factors focuses more on the worker than the work task.

  3. OPERATOR-MACHINE SYSTEMS HUMAN FACTORS HUMAN ERROR WORKSPCE DESIGN

  4. OPERATOR-MACHINE SYSTEMS • Definition: the interaction of one or more persons with one or more tools or devices to perform some task • The human factors psychologist views the operator and the machine as engaged in a two-way interaction

  5. To design an operator-machine system, a human factors psychologist often begins with a detailed job analysis • Psychologist take into account the respective strengths of both the human operator and the machine system • The next step is for the human factors psychologists to coordinate these activities (in terms of inputs and outputs of both parties, operator and machines)

  6. Displays • Machine communicate with human operator through a variety of displays. • Some of these displays are visual ,such as the radar screen an air traffic controller uses or the light on your auto mobile dashboard. • Others are auditory : bells, buzzers and horn that are often used to attract the operator’s attention.

  7. Type of displays: • Tactile displays • Olfactory displays • Regardless of the type of display, speed and accuracy are often of utmost importance when considering which to use in an efficient operator-machine system. • Of the various modes, visual and auditory displays are by far the most common.

  8. Human factors psychologists are concerned with both the speed and accuracy of operators when reading visual displays and will consider such factors as the brightness of the display, its size and other qualities. • A common problem is giving operators too much information that can overload the operator or delay response time. • Auditory displays designed to get the operator’s attention and are typically used as warning systems because they usually communicate information faster and more efficiently than visual displays.

  9. Operator Information Processing and Decision Making • When a machine displays output information about operating status, it is time for the human part of the system to go to work. • Human factors psychologists study the perceptual process of how operators take in information from machine displays and the factors that can improve accurate perception. • The operator takes this information, which must then be classified and interpreted.

  10. Then, the operator must compare any information provided by a machine display to some cognitively stored information. • The sound of a bell may be classified as a warning signal and interpreted as indicating that it is time for the operator to change some machine operation. • To classify and interpret the incoming information, the operator relies on memory, calling on past experience with the machine system.

  11. Through experience and training, the operator has learned the specific language that this particular system uses, which then serves as a reference for interpreting whatever messages the machine displays are outputting. • The next step is the decision making. • A variety of decision-making situations can arise in operator-machine interactions.

  12. The most basic is whether or not an operator action is needed. • The operator might rely on memories of how this situation was handled in the past or try to recall what the “normal” procedure is in this instance.

  13. Controls • Controls are the various knobs, switches, buttons, pedals, levers, and the like that are connected to the operation of a machine. • An on-off switch or a forward reverse lever cause very general changes in machine operations. • A volume dial or a channel/frequency selector on a radio, can be designed to make more precise changes.

  14. Some of these controls are shape-coded to help the operator know immediately which control is being activated. • The operator needs to put a hand on the control to know what machine function is regulated by that control. • Advance Control System: • Touch screen Control • Tele-operator • Voice Control

  15. COMPARISON OF FIVE COMMON CONTROLS

  16. Human Error Definition (Reason, 1990) • “The failure of a planned action to be completed as intended”(error of execution) • “The use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim”(error of planning) Type • Active error • Latent error

  17. Incident occur due to • Poor design • Senior management decision making • Procedure • Lack of training • Limited resources Example of incident • Three Mile Island • Chernobyl

  18. WORKSPACE DESIGN • Definition: The design and arrangement of equipment, space and machinery in a work environment. • Engineering Anthropometry is the measurement of physical characteristics of the body and development of equipment to fit those characteristics. • Workspaces should be designed not for functional efficiency, but for physical and psychological comfort of the worker.

  19. Anthropometrics : • Measurement of the dimensions of the body and other physical characteristics. • There are two types of measurement: • Static (Structural) • Dynamic (Functional)

  20. Static (Structural) Anthropometry • Distances are measured when the body in fixed position. • They consist of : • Skeletal dimensions • Contour dimensions. • Doesn't include clothing or packages.

  21. Dynamic (Functional) Anthropometry • Distances are measured when the body is in motion or engaged in a physical activity. • They includes reach, clearance, volumetric data (kinetosphere). • Static anthropometric data exists more than dynamic anthropometric data even though dynamic data are more representative of actual human activities.

  22. Sanders and McCormick offers a system of priorities for making choices about design elements: • Primary visual tasks. • Primary controls for interaction in the primary visual task. • Control-display relationships. • Concerns the arrangement of elements that are used in sequence. • To locate conveniently those elements that are used frequently.

  23. REFERENCE Books: • Jewell, L. N. (1998). Contemporary Industrial/Organizational Psychology Third Edition. Pacific Grove, CA :Brooks/Cole Publishing. • Ronald E. Riggio (2003). Introduction to Industrial/Organizational Psychology Fourth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ :Pearson Education/Pearson.

  24. Website: • http://www.chfg.org/resource/human-factors-theory • http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/alsaleh/.../Work-Space%20Design.ppt • http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/studentdownloads/DEA3250pdfs/AnthroDesign.pdf

  25. THANK YOU

More Related