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A+ Guide to Software, 4e

A+ Guide to Software, 4e. Chapter 6 Windows 9x/Me Commands and Startup Disk. Understanding DOS and Windows 9x/Me Startup. Windows 9x/Me is built on a DOS core Two ways to load the MS-DOS core From the Windows 9x/Me hard drive From a Windows 9x/Me startup disk.

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A+ Guide to Software, 4e

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  1. A+ Guide to Software, 4e Chapter 6 Windows 9x/Me Commands and Startup Disk

  2. Understanding DOS and Windows 9x/Me Startup • Windows 9x/Me is built on a DOS core • Two ways to load the MS-DOS core • From the Windows 9x/Me hard drive • From a Windows 9x/Me startup disk A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  3. Figure 6-1 Steps to load the MS-DOS core A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  4. Figure 6-2 Memory address map (not to scale) showing the starting and ending addresses of conventional, upper, and extended memory, including the high memory area A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  5. Windows 9x/Me and DOS Utilities That Manage Memory • Himem.sys: device driver for memory above 640KB • Emm386.exe: loads drivers into upper memory • Using Himem.sys • Himem.sys manages memory as a device • Executed by the Device= command in Config.sys • File can also be created on a floppy disk • Preparation for using Emm386.exe • View current memory allocation: Mem /C |More • Objective: maximize total amount of free memory A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  6. Figure 6-5 MEM report with /C option on a PC not using upper memory A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  7. Figure 6-6 Config.sys set to use upper memory A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  8. Windows 9x/Me and DOS Utilities That Manage Memory (continued) • Loading device drivers high • Use Devicehigh= command in Config.sys • Order commands so largest drivers are loaded first • MEM /M filename: displays memory needed by driver • A UMB may also be loaded from Autoexec.bat • Relation of Windows 9x/Me to DOS memory • System is mostly 32-bit OS using extended memory • Uses base and upper memory for 16-bit components A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  9. Accessing a Command Prompt • Click Start, Programs, and MS-DOS Prompt • Enter Command.com in the Run dialog box • Boot from any bootable floppy disk • Restart in MS-DOS mode from Shutdown • Not available in Windows Me • Hold down the Ctrl key or the F8 key while booting • Select Command prompt only from menu that appears A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  10. File and Directory Naming Conventions • Three components in the DOS 8.3 filename format • Filename: contains up to eight characters • Separating period • File extension of up to three characters • Example of a DOS filename: myFile.exe • Legitimate characters • Letters a through z • The numbers 0 through 9 • Special characters: _ ^ $ ~ ! # % & – { } ( ) @ ' ` • Do not use space, period, *, ?, \ in the filename A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  11. File and Directory Naming Conventions (continued) • Conventions used in Windows • Directory names/filenames can be up to 255 characters • Directory names and filenames can contain spaces • Maximum directory depth depends on length of name • DOS can only read names in 8.3 format • DOS truncates long filenames • Example: Mydocument.doc becomes Mydocum~.doc A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  12. Using Wildcard Characters in Command Lines • Wildcard character: used to represent file group • Question mark (?): wildcard for one character • Asterisk (*): wildcard for more than one character • Example: dir a*.??? • Command used to search for files • All files starting with ‘a’ and ending with any extension A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  13. Commands to Manage Files and Directories • Dir: lists files and directories • Example: DIR Myfile.txt • Rename or Ren: renames a file or folder • Example: Ren Myfile.txt Mybackup.txt • Type: displays contents of a text file on your screen • Example: Type Myfile.txt |More • Del or Erase: erases files or groups of files • Example: A:\Docs> Del *.* • Copy: copies a single file or group of files • Example: C:\>Copy C:\Docs\*.* A: A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  14. Commands to Manage Files and Directories (continued) • Xcopy /C /S /Y /D: Copy functions plus options • Example: C:\>Xcopy C:\Docs\*.* A: /D:03/14/06 • Deltree [Drive:]Path: deletes directory tree • Example: C:\>Deltree C:\Docs • Mkdir [Drive:]Path or Md [Drive:]Path • Creates a subdirectory under a directory • Example: Mkdir C:\Game\Chess • Chdir [Drive:]Path or Cd [Drive:]Path or Cd.. • Changes current default directory • Example: Cd C:\Game\Chess A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  15. Commands to Manage Files and Directories (continued) • Rmdir[Drive:]Path or Rd[Drive:]Path • Removes a subdirectory • Example: C:\>Rmdir C:\Game\Chess • Three conditions for the use of Rmdir • The directory must contain no files • The directory must contain no subdirectories • The directory must not be the current directory • Attrib: displays or changes file attributes • Example: Attrib +H MyFile.txt A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  16. Commands to Manage Files and Directories (continued) • Extract Filename.Cab File1.Ext /D • Extracts files from a cabinet file • Example: Extract Ebd.cab /D • Edit [Path][Filename]: opens DOS Edit program • Example: Edit A:\Autoexec.bat A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  17. Commands to Manage Hard Drives • Chkdsk [Drive:] /F /R: fixes file system errors • Example: Chkdsk C: /F • Scandisk Drive: A/P • Scans a hard drive for errors • Repairs errors if possible • Example: Scandisk C: • Defrag Drive: /S • Examines a hard drive or disk for fragmented files • Rewrites these files to the drive in contiguous clusters • Example: Defrag C: /S:N A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  18. Commands to Manage Hard Drives (continued) • Fdisk /Status /MBR: prepare a hard drive for first use • Example: Fdisk /MBR • Format Drive: /S /V: VolumeName /Q /U /Autotest • Used to format a disk or a hard drive • Unformat: reverses effect of an accidental format • Example: Unformat C: • Debug • Text editor with multiple capabilities • Accessed by entering Debug command A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  19. Commands to Manage the Operating System • Sys Drive: copies system files for booting to disk • Example: Sys: C • Scanreg/Restore/Fix/Backup: restores the registry • Example: Scanreg/Backup • Ver: displays the version of the OS in use • MSD: Microsoft Diagnostic Utility A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  20. Figure 6-11 MSD opening screen A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  21. Using Batch Files • Execute a list of commands multiple times • Save time and reduce errors • How to create a batch file • Open a file in a text editor • Place commands in the file • Save the file with a .bat extension • Executing batch file • Enter name at command prompt • Extension may be omitted A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  22. Using the Windows 9x/Me Startup Disk • Bootable (system) disk • Floppy disk with basic software for booting an OS • Rescue disk( emergency startup disk (ESD), or startup disk) • Bootable disk with utility programs for troubleshooting • PC technician should always have a rescue disk A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  23. Creating a Windows 9x/Me Startup Disk • Open the Control Panel • Double-click the Add/Remove Programs icon • Click Startup Disk tab and then click Create Disk • Insert the Windows CD if it is requested • Windows then creates the startup disk • Write protect and label the disk A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  24. Using a Startup Disk to Partition and Format a New Drive • Use Fdisk to partition a drive • Boot from the startup disk and enter Fdisk at prompt • Select option 1 to create a partition • Use option 1 (next menu) to create primary partition • Use option 1 or 2 to create other partitions • Use option 3 to create logical drives • Select if large disk support will be used (FAT32) • Exit Fdisk and reboot PC to format logical drives • Objects created by formatting process • Partition table, partitions, and logical drives A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  25. Figure 6-14 Fdisk menu to create partitions and logical drives A+ Guide to Software, 4e

  26. Table 6-6 Error messages that appear after the PC has passed POST and before an OS has successfully loaded A+ Guide to Software, 4e

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