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Production of lactic acid through fermentation

Biochemistry. Production of lactic acid through fermentation. Done by Lactobacterias. Glucose. 2 NAD +. 2 ADP. Glycolysis. 2 NADH + H +. 2 ATP. 2 Pyruvate. Lactic acid fermentation. 2 NAD +. 2 Lactate. Composition of NAD +.

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Production of lactic acid through fermentation

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  1. Biochemistry Production of lactic acid through fermentation DonebyLactobacterias

  2. Glucose 2 NAD+ 2 ADP Glycolysis 2 NADH + H+ 2 ATP 2 Pyruvate Lactic acid fermentation 2 NAD+ 2 Lactate

  3. Composition of NAD+ → Regeneration of NAD+, which is consumed during glycolysis. Nicotinamid Purine-Base Adenine 2 Phosphate-groups Sugar Ribose Sugar Ribose

  4. Goal of fermentation → Regeneration of NAD+, which is cosumed during glycolysis. Oxidized form: is built during fermentation Reduced form: is built during glycolysis

  5. Energy generation by fermentation • Decomposition of organic substancesin an anaerobic way • Energy generation happens at the diverse ways of fermentation through Substratechain8s9phosphorylation, that means the direct phosphorylation of ADP under anaerobic conditions. e.g. at the creation of Pyruvate and ATP out of Phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP during glycolysis. e e

  6. Types of lactic acid fermentation Lactic acid bacterias Homofermentative Heterofermentative • Decompostition of Hexoses by Glycolysis • Single Ferntationproduct:Lactate • Energy gerneration: • 2 Mol ATP per Mol Hexose • Decomposition of Hexoses by Phospho-ketolase-Way • Fermentationproducts: CO2, Ethanol and Lactate • Energy gerneration: • 1 Mol ATP per Mol Hexose

  7. Homofermentative lactic acid fermentation 1. Step: Glycolysis Problem: Glycolysis cosumed NAD+ In the next Step, of tzhe lactic acid fermentation, NAD+ will be regernerated again. 2 2 2 Lactic acid fermentation e e

  8. Homofermentative lactic acid fermentation 2. Step: actual lactic acid fermentation NADH+H+ -NAD+ Is available again for glycolysis Pyrovate Lactate Acidrestion of the latic acid

  9. Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Glucose 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH + H+ 2 ATP 2 NADH + H+ 2 ATP 2 Pyruvate 2 CO2 2 Ethanal 2 NAD+ 2 NAD+ 2 Lactate 2 Ethanol

  10. Bacterias of the lactic acid fermentation • Commonalities: • Obligated fermenter, which are oxygen tolerant • Ferment only sugar, • They have beta-Galactosidase, which splits Lactose in Glucose and Galactose

  11. Bacterias of the lactic acid fermentation

  12. Sources • Brock et al.: Microbiology, Pearson-Studium, 2006. • Munk et al: Microbiology. Thieme-Verlag, 2008.

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