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World History/Cultures Chapter 16- The Age of Imperialism Section 3- Division of Asia

World History/Cultures Chapter 16- The Age of Imperialism Section 3- Division of Asia. British & India 1500s: British sailed near India to trade in Asia .

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World History/Cultures Chapter 16- The Age of Imperialism Section 3- Division of Asia

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  1. World History/Cultures Chapter 16- The Age of Imperialism Section 3- Division of Asia

  2. British & India • 1500s: British sailed near India to trade in Asia. • 1600s: British traders form East India Company- trading posts & forts in India. French East India Company challenged British for control of India trade. • 1757: Battle of Plassey- British & Indian troops defeat French & the British expand in India.

  3. Sepoy Rebellion • 1857: East India Company controls most of India. Sepoys rebel against British- didn’t want Christianity & European customs imposed on them. • Outcome of Sepoy Rebellion: Massacres of British & Indians. British tighten control. • 1858: East India Company replaced by viceroy to rule by parliament. Treaties secured remaining Indian states.

  4. India & Nationalism • British tried tostop unrest in India: paved roads, railways, telegraph lines, irrigation canals, schools & universities. • Indians discriminated by British- forced to change ways. Example- Indians forced to raise cotton for British textile mills instead of wheat. • 1800s: millions of Indians die- severe food shortage. • Indians want self rule. • 1885: Indian National Congress formed by business & professional leaders. Protests- wanted British to give more power to Indians.

  5. China • 1500-1800: limited trade with Europeans. • 1644-1912: China ruled by Qingdynasty- weak economically, politically & militarily.

  6. Unequal Treaties • 1800s: British break Chinese trade barriers & profit. Exchanged opium for tea, silk & porcelain. Opium smuggled & came from India & Turkey. • 1839: Chinese tried to stop smuggling- war broke out. • 1842: Opium War- British defeat Chinese. • Treaty of Nanking: unequal treaty- forced China to yield to Westerners. British granted payment for war losses & island of HongKong. British citizens in China granted extraterritoriality- right to live under own law & courts.

  7. Unequal Treaties con’t • Unequal treaties increase foreigninfluence & weakened Qing dynasty. • 1850-1864: Taiping Rebellion eroded dynasty’s control. • 1890s: European powers & Japan claim parts of China. US. didn’t.- “Open Door Policy”- open China to trade with other nations. Other powers agree to policy in 1899.

  8. Chinese Responses • Reformers tried to modernize China. • 1800s: “self-strengtheningmovement”: western technology, education, agriculture & extra territory gained. • Reform efforts failed. • 1894: War with Japan- China defeated & lost territory to Japan. Lost trading benefits & influence on Korea.

  9. Chinese Responses con’t • Reformers supported by Chinese emperor Guan Xu-Hundred Days ofReform- modernize government & new industries. • Emperor’s mother, Ci Xi, regains power & stops reforms. • 1890s: anti-foreign feelings. Secret societies to remove diplomats, missionaries & entrepreneurs. Righteous & Harmonious Fists- Westerners call them “Boxers”. • 1900: Boxers attack foreigners in Beijing. Westerners end uprising. Chinese empress reverses policies.

  10. Revolution 1911 • Empress Ci Xi attempts reforms but can’t maintainpower. Chinese want a republic to replace Qing dynasty. Achieve this through revolution. • 1905: Revolutionary, Sun-Yat Sen & others form United League. Later known as Guomindang or nationalist party. Goal to modernize China based on 3 Principles of the People: nationalism (freedom from foreign control); democracy (representative government); livelihood (economic well-being). • 1908: Empress Ci Xi died & two year old son, Pu Yi emperor. • 1911: Revolution. • 1912: Sun-Yat Sen first president of Chinese republic.

  11. Japan • 1500s: European traders in Japan. • 1600s: Japanese stop most of trade with Europeans. Shogun, military commander ruled Japan. Emperor- figurehead. • 1853: Trade resumes in Japan- Commodore Matthew C. Perry arrived with American warships. • 1854: Shogun signs treaty with Perry.

  12. Meiji Leaders • Shogun signed unequal treaties with foreign powers and overthrown in 1868. • Samurai give allegiance to new Emperor, Mutsuhito but retain power. • Mutsuhito - enlightened emperor - Meiji leader. • Meiji leaders: strong military, parliamentary government & universal education (loyal, skilled citizens). New ruling class based on talent not birthright.

  13. Industrialization • 1870s: Strengthen economy. Revised tax structure, modern currency, railroads, port facilities & communications. • 1880s: Economy expandedquickly. New technological methods & cheap labor produced affordable goods.

  14. World Power • 1890s: efficient government & strong military. Needed natural resources & expanded empire. • Korea: Koreans revolt against Chinese in 1894. Japan intervened & defeated Chinese in Sino-Japanese War. Korea independent but Japan partially controlled Korea’s trade. • Thousands of Japanese settle in Korea. • Russians interested in Korea & clashed with Japan.

  15. World Power con’t • Russian troops in Port Arthur in Manchuria. • 1904: Japanese attack Port Arthur. • 1905: Japanese victorious in Russo-Japanese War. Russia signed treaty granting Japanese control over Korea. • 1910: Japanese annexedKorea as a colony. Japan continued to expand own empire for 35 years.

  16. Southeast Asia- 2 regions • Island Southeast Asia: East Indies & Philippines. Mainland Southeast Asia: Indochina & Malay Peninsulas. • 1500-1900s: Imperialists- Portugal, Spain, The Netherlands, Great Britain, France & United States.

  17. Islands of Southeast Asia • 1800s: Dutch controlled East Indies & Spain controlled Philippines. • Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)- natural resources. Dutch enforced culture system for raw materials. Dutch discouraged westernization. • 1825: Prince Diponegoro from East Indian Island of Javarevolts against Dutch. Ended in failure & Dutch maintained control.

  18. Islands of Southeast Asia con’t • 1900s: Dutch rule extended to northern Sumatra & the Celebes. • Philippines: Spanish ruled & Filipinos worked on plantations for low wages. Filipinos revolt in 1896. • 1898: U.S. declared war on Spain & promised to free Philippines. U.S. wins Spanish-American war, broke promise & colonize Philippines. Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo rebel against Americans but defeated by U.S.

  19. Mainland Southeast Asia • 1800s: Burma (Myanmar), Malaya, Vietnam, Siam (Thailand), Cambodia & Laos. Great Britain & France struggled for domination of this area. • 1820-1880s: British took control of Burma & Malaya. France conquered Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos). • 1893: Siam stays independent as Great Britain & France avoided conflict and defined spheres of influence. • European imperialists disrupted Southeast Asia: western influences on traditions & customs; forcing local farmers/workers to grow cash crops, mine coal & cut teak trees.

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