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Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life. Section 2-1: Introduction of Chemistry. Section Objective. Explain concepts about the structure and properties of matter 3.4.10A. What is an atom?. An atom is very small! Consists of: Nucleus – center of the atom

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Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life

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  1. Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life Section 2-1: Introduction of Chemistry

  2. Section Objective Explain concepts about the structure and properties of matter 3.4.10A

  3. What is an atom? • An atom is very small! • Consists of: • Nucleus – center of the atom • Protons (p+): subatomic particles with a positive (+) charge. • Neutrons (no): subatomic particles with no charge – neutral. • Both have about the same mass = 1 atomic mass unit (1 amu)

  4. What is an atom? • Consists of: (cont.) • Electron Cloud – outside the nucleus. • Electrons (e-): subatomic particles with a negative (-) charge. • Electrons move in pathways called orbitals or shells. • Mass of an electron is negligible.

  5. What is an atom? • Key difference between atoms of different elements is the number of protons and electrons they contain. • Atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons, so atoms are electrically neutral.

  6. Opposites Attract • The (+) charge of the nucleus attracts and holds the negatively charged electrons in their orbitals.

  7. What is an element? • A chemical element is a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance. • The smallest unit of of a chemical element is a particle called the atom.

  8. What is an element? • 96 naturally occurring elements. • 20 elements have been artificially produced in labs. • 116 elements total to date

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