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Fiber Optic Backbones

Fiber Optic Backbones. Presented to. Presented by. What is Fiber Optics?. In its simplest terms, fiber optics is a medium for carrying information from one point to another in the form of light. Unlike the copper form of transmission, fiber optics is not electrical in nature.

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Fiber Optic Backbones

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  1. Fiber Optic Backbones Presented to Presented by

  2. What is Fiber Optics? • In its simplest terms, fiber optics is a medium for • carrying information from one point to another in the • form of light. Unlike the copper form of transmission, • fiber optics is not electrical in nature. • A basic fiber optic system consists of a transmitting • device, which generates the light signal; an optical fiber • cable, which carries the light; and a receiver, which • accepts the light signal transmitted. The fiber itself is • passive and does not contain any active, generative • properties

  3. Advantages of Fiber Optic Cable? Today fiber optics is either the dominant medium or a logical choice for every communication system. • Fiber enhances the reliability of networks while simultaneously increasing transport capacity. • Telcos (Phone & Cable) use fiber to connect all their central offices and long distance switches because it has thousands of times the bandwidth of copper wire and can carry signals hundreds of times further before needing a repeater • Copper wire has limitations and is susceptible to interference. Fiber Optics has virtually unlimited potential and is immune to electromagnetic radiation (EMR). • Security is greatly enhanced due to immunity from EMR

  4. Types of Fiber Optics? Single-mode & Multi-mode Similarities • Both types of fiber are 125 microns in outside diameter • Both types of fiber are composed of thin strands of highly transparent glass • Both types of fiber use infrared wavelengths which are outside the visible spectrum Fiber Optics

  5. Types of Fiber Optics? Single-mode & Multi-mode Differences – MultimodeDifferences – Singlemode • Light travels in the core in • many rays, called modes • LED sources at wavelengths of • 850 and 1300 nm • Bigger core (Almost always • 62.5 microns) • Currently – Most common LAN • fiber - Used only for short • distances and inside buildings • Fiber shrinks the core down so small • that the light can only travel in one ray • This increases the bandwidth to almost • infinity • Laser sources at 1300 and 1550 nm • Small Core ( 9 microns) • Currently – Used for Long Distances • applications and outside plant Singlemode Multimode

  6. Typical Construction Costs Underground Construction $50,000 per mile for a 96 fiber cable Overhead Construction $35,000 per mile for a 96 fiber cable

  7. Installation Types (Underground vs. Overhead) • Advantages/Disadvantages of Underground Installation • No Annually Recurring Pole Attachment Fees • Initial Construction Costs higher • Rodents are a problem (Pulled conduit or armored cable can relieve issue) • Earthquakes • Advantages/Disadvantages of Overhead Installation • Initial Construction Costs less expensive than underground construction • Annually Recurring Pole Attachment Fees ($15-45 per pole per year) • Ice Storms • 4. Tornados

  8. Fiber Models • Fiber to the Curb (FTTC). Depends on copper wires or coaxial cable for last mile delivery • Fiber to the Node (FTTN). Depends on copper wires or coaxial cable for last mile delivery

  9. Fiber Models • Hybrid fiber coaxial networks (HFC) Depends on copper wires or coaxial cable for last mile delivery • Fiber to the Premises (FTTP). Fiber optic communications delivery in which the fiber is run directly into the premises

  10. Active Optical Networks • Active Optical Network (AON). Relies on active electronic equipment to distribute a signal. • Each signal leaving the Central Office is for that particular customers use

  11. Passive Optical Networks (PON) (PON) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises • PON vs. Point to Point Switched Ethernet • 80 to 85 % of all FTTH deployments in North America are PON • GPON (ITU standard) versus GE-PON (IEEE standard ) • BPON or GPON, V/s GE-PON

  12. Standards in Passive Optical Networks (PON) • PONStandards:BPON • Defined in ITU G.939.3 • ATM Protocol • 622 Mb/s Downstream • 155 Mb/s Upstream • 20 KM max from CO/HE to subscriber • PONStandards:EPON • Defined in IEEE 802.3ah • Ethernet Protocol • 1.25 Gb/s Downstream • 1.25 Gb/s Upstream • 20 KM max from CO/HE to subscriber • PONStandards:GPON • Defined in ITU G.984.2 • ATM or Ethernet (GEM) Protocol • 2.488 Gb/s Downstream • 1.244 Gb/s Upstream • 20 KM max from CO/HE to subscriber

  13. Multiplexing Fiber Optics (GPON) • Optical signal distributed from a central office from an optical network. At the customer premises optical network terminals (ONT’s) convert the optical signal into a electrical signal

  14. Multiplexing Fiber Optics (GPON) Have two fibers but need more, Technology exists to multiplex fibers from one fiber up to 32 fibers with minimal db loss.

  15. Why do Communities need a Fiber Optic Backbone? • Provide for offsite backup • Offset the costs for future bandwidth needs • Provide high speed connectivity by utilizing a combination of proposed fiber segments and wireless hops • A number of studies rank the United States from 15th to 24th in penetration and broadband speed.

  16. Small to Medium Businesses • The status of broadband and its impact on small business was the subject of a recent Senate hearing. FCC Commissioner Michael Copps testified that in many cases small businesses can’t get connectivity and, when they can, it often is pricey. SOURCE: WWW.REDHERRING.COM

  17. SOURCE: www.voip-news.com Bandwidth Comparison

  18. Economic Development Affordable High Speed information access is key to economic development. The proposed project will help the Cities by: • Attracting new companies into the area • Retain existing employers • Improve the overall Quality of life of all residents

  19. Why build Fiber Backbones? • The connection of the 21st century • The new economic generator • The new infrastructure • The new on / off ramp • The connection to the electronic super worldwide highway

  20. Speed Comparison Upload speed Download speed Dial- Up DSL Cable Satellite Fiber Optics 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 SPEED (MEGABITS PER SECOND)

  21. WI-FI Implementation Key Issues: • Bandwidth! Bandwidth! Bandwidth! • As a minimum, provide a fiber optic backbone for WI-FI back-haul.

  22. CASE STUDY HENDRICKS REGIONAL HEALTH (HRH) HOSPITAL DANVILLE, INDIANA

  23. Hendricks Regional Health Project The project was divided into three parts: • Connect all four campuses with a fiber optic backbone • Connect backbone to the Data Center or Point of Presence (POP) for offsite backup and Internet access • Procure system electronics

  24. Henry Street Data Center - Point of Presence (POP) • WORLDCOM • GLOBAL CROSSING • AT&T • MCLEOD • WILLIAMS • TIME WARNER • QUEST

  25. Education • Children must be given the tools to • adequately prepare for entry into highly • competitive global market. • Connecting Public Libraries • Research • Distance Learning

  26. Security & Coordination • Improving Public Safety (POLICE) • Monitor Parks, Traffic, Schools • Monitor Water Treatment Plants • Increase Coordination between various • departments • Hospitals • Schools • Fire / Water • Government Offices • Utilities

  27. Electronics • Connect HRH sites with a High-Speed Backbone ( 10 Giga bits/sec) • Provide High Speed data communications for: • Medical imaging • Radiology • Telemedicine • MRI

  28. Hurdles in Building or Leasing dark Fibers • Most providers will only lease bandwidth • Some providers will Build fibers at your cost, give you a small number of fibers and keep the rest

  29. Hurdles in Building or Leasing dark Fibers • Must have a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier License (CLEC) to be in the Public Right of Way • Maximum IRU obtained will be 20 years, although the life of a fiber optic cable is 30 years • Contract may be very restrictive

  30. Competitive Local Exchange Carrier License (CLEC) • State laws prohibit building fibers in the Public Right of Way unless you have a CLEC license • Cannot Co-locate in central office of a telephone company

  31. Disadvantages of not being a CLEC • Cannot Build your own backbone; you can get a 20 year IRU under a third party CLEC License. At the end of the IRU agreement the fiber reverts back to the original owner and the Organization has to then re-negotiate for use of the fiber. • Every time you want to build a new segment of fiber, you will have to pay a CLEC licensed company for use of their license

  32. Recommendations for building or leasing dark fibers • Do your home work. Some providers with excess fibers will lease you dark fibers • Hire an experienced Telecommunications Attorney • Hire an experienced consultant

  33. Other Issues • Co-locate agreement • Bandwidth Purchase • Maintenance Agreements

  34. The HRH Business Model

  35. HRH Business Model - Objectives • Expand existing bandwidth for present and future needs • Offset costs for future bandwidth needs • Enhance information security by providing off-site data storage

  36. The HRH Business Model Purchase Bandwidth or buy/install fiber optics for the primary communication between campuses???

  37. The HRH Business Model Cost of 96 fibers vs. 12 fibers • Construction costs identical • Cost/mile 96 fibers @ $.90/ft $ 4,752 • Cost/mile 12 fibers @ $.41/ft $ 2,165 • Cost differential for 18 miles $ 46,566

  38. Benefits of Business Model • Allay construction costs by leasing spare fiber capacity to governmental/commercial entities • Local governments can provide public safety and educational broadband access • Commercial access to broadband can spur economic development • Providing reasonable fiber optic access creates community good will.

  39. Connect all HRH Hospitals • HRH (Danville, IN) • HRH (Plainfield, IN) • HRH (Avon, IN) • HRH (Brownsburg, IN) • New HRH (Lizton, IN) • Point of Presence (Indianapolis, Indiana) Hendricks Regional Health (Existing Fiber Optic System) Proposed New Fiber Optic Construction

  40. How the HRH Model has become a County Wide Network HRH BACKBONE INDIVIDUAL TOWN BACKBONES USING HRH FOR TRANSPORT TO POP FUTURE CONSTRUCTION

  41. How the HRH Model has become a County Wide Network FUTURE CONSTRUCTION Danville Fiber Optic Backbone HRH BACKBONE

  42. How the HRH Model has become a County Wide Network Plainfield Fiber Optic Backbone FUTURE CONSTRUCTION HRH BACKBONE

  43. Questions?

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