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Colonial Empires in the Americas

Colonial Empires in the Americas. 1492-1776. Empires of Spain Empires of France Colonies of Britain Colonies of the Dutch. Major Themes. Explain the early Spanish settlement of the Americas Describe the colonial society in New France. Empires of Spain. Hernan Cortez Diego Velazquez

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Colonial Empires in the Americas

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  1. Colonial Empires in the Americas 1492-1776

  2. Empires of Spain • Empires of France • Colonies of Britain • Colonies of the Dutch Major Themes

  3. Explain the early Spanish settlement of the Americas • Describe the colonial society in New France Empires of Spain

  4. Hernan Cortez • Diego Velazquez • Cuba • Invasion • Yucatan Peninsula • Maliche (Dona Marina) • Tlaxcalan • Montezuma • Quetzacoatl • Tenochtitlan • Strategy • hostage • “nochetriste” • small pox Conquest of Mexico

  5. Mexico City • Conquistadors • Pizarro • Incas • Atahualpa • Other Conquistadors • Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca • Francisco Vasquez de Coronado • Hernando de Soto • Borderlands • New Mexico • presidios • mission houses • El Camino Real The Colony of New Spain

  6. hidalgos • encomienda system • class structure society • peninsulares • criollos • mestizo • mullatos • Council of the Indies • food • haciendas • vaqueros Spanish American Society

  7. Why were the Spanish successful in defeating the Aztecs? • Why did many Spanish conquistadors set out on expeditions to America? • How were social classes determined in the Spanish colonies in the Americas? Review Questions for Empires of Spain

  8. King Francis I (1524) • Giovanni da Verrazano • Northwest Passage • Jacques Cartier • fur trade • Quebec • Samuel de Champlain • Coureurs de bois • Jesuit missionaries • New France • problems • solutions • Mississippi River • Louis Joliet& Jacques Marquette • Robert de La Salle • St. Augustine (1565) French Empire in America

  9. Why were the Spanish successful in defeating the Aztecs? • Why did many Spanish conquistadors set out on expeditions to America? • How were social classes determined in the Spanish colonies in the Americas? • What was the main purpose for establishing the colony of New France? • Why did the French begin importing enslaved Africans to Louisiana in the early 1700’s? Review Questions

  10. Explain the religious and economic reasons why England became interested in America. • Describe the founding of Jamestown and explain why it succeeded. British Colonies in America

  11. John Cabot (1497) • Lack of colonization • financing • signs of wealth • Catholic claims • Protestant Reformation (1517) • Martin Luther • John Calvin • English Reformation • King Henry VIII • Anglican Church • Puritans • Enclosure Movement • transition from agriculture to trade (wool) • Surplus • joint stock companies Interest

  12. Martin Frobisher • market for wool • Northwest Passage • Rivals • Military Bases • Sir Humphrey Gilbert & Sir Walter Raleigh 2. Lost Colony of Roanoke 3. Virginia The Return to America

  13. Virginia Company • James River • Jamestown (1607) • Troubles • swamp • settlers • John Smith & Powhatan Confederacy • Incentives • land • tobacco (John Rolfe) • House of Burgesses • headrights • royal colony (1622) Jamestown

  14. Lord Baltimore, George Calvert • refuge for Catholics • proprietary colony Maryland

  15. What religious and economic changes led to England’s interest in establishing colonies in America? • Why did England come to the aid of the Dutch in the mid-1500’s? • Why was the settlement of Jamestown in trouble from its beginning? • Why did Lord Baltimore establish the colony of Maryland? Review Questions for English Colonization

  16. Discuss why John Winthrop founded Massachusetts and describe the Puritan society established there. • Describe why New England settlers such as Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison let the Massachusetts Bay colony. Puritan New England

  17. Separatists • Mayflower (1620) • Cape Cod • Plymouth Colony • William Bradford • Squanto • Thanksgiving Plymouth

  18. Puritans • King Charles I • wool • John Winthrop • Massachusetts Bay Company 2. “City Upon A Hill” 3. Great Migration • Massachusetts Bay Colony • General Court • role of the church • heresy Puritan Massachusetts

  19. Puritan intolerance • Roger Williams • “would not officiate to an 2. unseparated people” 3. view of Native Americans 4. Providence, Rhode Island • Anne Hutchison • banishment • Portsmouth • Connecticut • Rev. Thomas Hooker • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Pequot War • New Hampshire & Maine • Captain John Mason • Sir Fernando Gorges Other New England Colonies

  20. peace after the Pequot War • Wampanoag trial • Metacomet • significance King Philip’s War

  21. Why did the Pilgrims immigrate to America? • Why were many Puritans willing to leave England for America during the early 1600’s? • Why did the General Court in Massachusetts banish several of its colonists? • What disagreement did Thomas Hooker have with the Massachusetts government? • What event led to King Philip’s War? Review Questions

  22. Discuss the ideas of William Penn and the Quakers. • Analyze the “holy experiment” in the colony of Pennsylvania. • Explain why the English colonies were successful in population and economics. Middle & Southern Colonies

  23. King Charles I (1642) • Parliament • Oliver Cromwell “Lord Protector of England” • Colonial support • Virginia • Maryland • New England • Restoration (1660) English Civil War

  24. Dutch East India Company • Henry Hudson • New Amsterdam • Colonial Availability • open policy • diversity • James, Duke of York • Colony of New Jersey • Sir George Carteret & Lord John Berkley • Incentives New Netherland

  25. William Penn (1680) • petition for a grant of land • Quakers • Beliefs • “inner light” • Pacifism • “the Holy Experiment” • complete religious & political freedom • Treaty of Shackamaxon – Lenni Lenape • Philadelphia • Delaware Pennsylvania

  26. eight other friends and allies • “Carolina” • sparse settlement • exporters of naval stores • South Carolina • Georgia Experiment • James Oglethorpe • home for debtors Southern Colonies

  27. Why did Maryland’s leaders support the king instead of Parliament? • Why did people from many parts of Europe settle in New Netherland? • Why did William Penn establish the colony of Pennsylvania? • Why did North Carolina develop slowly as a colony? Review Questions

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