Catalyst

1. Catalyst

2. What is catalyst function? • Catalyst function is providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy so that more reaction particles possess necessary energy to react

3. Modes of action of homogenous catalysts • Homogeneous catalysis is catalysis process where reactants and catalysts are in same state (liquid, gas, solid) • Homogeneous catalysts can form intermediate compounds during the reaction..

4. Modes of action of heterogeneous catalysts • Heterogeneous catalysts are in different phase (state) from the reactants • Heterogeneous catalysts function by absorbing reactant molecules onto the surface of the catalysts.

5. Advantages: Homogeneous- all the catalyst is exposed to the reaction Heterogeneous Easily removed from product by filtration Disadvantages Homogeneous--- hard to reuse Heterogeneous— only effective on the surface of product Outline disadvantages and advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis

6. Selectivity – will be catalyst produce only the desired product? Efficiency - will the catalyst cause a considerable increase in the rate? - will it continue to work well under severe conditions, such as those experienced by catalytic converters in cars, as well as mild conditions Environmental impact – will it be easy to dispose of the catalyst without causing harm to the environment? Potential for poisoning – catalysts rely on reactant occupying the active site reversibly. Cost – industry is profit –based. Discuss the factors in choosing a catalyst for a process