Evidence Based Policing Knowledge-Oriented Approaches Adegbola Ojo 7-Sept-2016

1. Evidence Based Policing Knowledge-Oriented Approaches Adegbola Ojo 7-Sept-2016

2. Outline • Evidence Based Policing – Trying to Make Sense of It • From the 3 R’s to the 3 T’s • Promoting Evidence Based Practice • Summary and Conclusion Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

3. EBP – Trying to Make Sense of It

4. Consider This Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not to their own facts • Objective knowledge is crucial to the success of liberal democracy • No institution is more important to that success than the police • But the competence of the police is constantly challenged by multiple opinions • Need for constant enhancement of competence not merely with opinions, but primarily with facts derived from objective knowledge Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

5. EBP is About • Using research to stimulate democratic policing • Illuminating and adapting what works • Understanding what doesn’t work and refining it where possible • All about the cultivation and transfer of knowledge!* Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

6. Larry Sherman’s Perspective • Evidence-based policing is a method of making decisions about “what works” in policing: which practices and strategies accomplish police missions most cost-effectively (Sherman, 2013) Breaking it down: What’s Sherman trying to say? • EBP - using research to determine how to be: • Efficient – Doing the right thing • Effective – Doing the thing right Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

7. A Practical Definition • The conscientious and judicioususe of current, robustand defensibleresearch findings in conjunction with policingexpertiseand civicvaluesto guide decision-making • Current, robust and defensible evidence could be drawn from combinations of: • Empirical evidence from randomised controlled trials • Evidence from other scientific methods such as descriptive and qualitative research • Information from case reports, scientific principles, and expert judgement Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

8. From the 3 R’s to the 3 T’s

9. Traditional vs Knowledge-oriented Models Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

10. Targeting Using knowledge-oriented approaches to determine where police resources should be focused Why is it important? • One size does not fit all! • Helps focus resources where they are needed most • Avoids duplication of efforts • Reduces waste Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

11. Testing Evaluating whether policing strategies work or not Why is it important? Helps us draw conclusions about 5 main aspects of interventions: • Relevance • Effectiveness • Efficiency • Impact • Sustainability Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

12. Tracking Examining whether police staff work in accordance with good practice guidelines Why is it important? Helps us to: • Learn from experiences to improve practices and activities in the future • Have internal and external accountability of the resources used and the results obtained • Take informed decisions on the future of an initiative • Promote empowerment of beneficiaries of the initiative Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

13. Promoting Evidence Based Practice

14. Stages of Knowledge Transfer Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

15. Knowledge Creation & Distillation • Participatory knowledge creation increases the likelihood that research evidence will find its way into practice Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

16. Diffusion and Dissemination • Partnering with opinion leaders and organisations to distribute knowledge and insight that can form the basis of action Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

17. End User Adoption • Getting organisations, teams and individuals to consistently use evidence-based research findings in everyday practice Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

18. Summary Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

19. Conclusion • The science of translating research into practice within policing is fairly new • There is some guidance of what implementation interventions to use in promoting public safety practices • There is no magic bullet for translating what is known from research into practice • To move evidence-based interventions into practice, several strategies may be required • Finally, what works in one context of policing may or may not work in another setting, thereby suggesting that context variables matter in implementation Supporting the sector to meet the needs of 21st century policing

20. Thank YouQUESTIONS?