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M. Bonesini INFN Milano

A possible design for MICE TOF stations . M. Bonesini INFN Milano. Outline. Introduction Considerations on environment TOF stations design Some simulation results PMTs tests Ideas for the calibration system Preliminary cost estimate Conclusions. Aim of TOF stations.

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M. Bonesini INFN Milano

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  1. A possible design for MICE TOF stations M. Bonesini INFN Milano 27/6/05 Frascati

  2. Outline • Introduction • Considerations on environment • TOF stations design • Some simulation results • PMTs tests • Ideas for the calibration system • Preliminary cost estimate • Conclusions 27/6/05 Frascati

  3. Aim of TOF stations • TOF0 experiment trigger • TOF0/TOF1 PID on incoming muons • TOF1/TOF2 PID on particle traversing the cooling channel • Requirements: • Single detector resolution s~60 ps • High rate capability • Sustain nearby B fringe fields 27/6/05 Frascati

  4. TRD SEPT04 Layout ISIS Beam Iron Shield TOF0 TOF1 Diffuser Iron Shield TOF2 Ckov2Cal Proton Absorber Ckov1 27/6/05 Frascati

  5. Focus Coils …MICE Calorimeter Cherenkov ToF0 Tof2 Tracking Spectrometers Coupling Coils Tof1 Beam Diffuser Matching Coils RFCavities Liquid Hydrogen Absorbers 27/6/05 Frascati

  6. The environment The beamline design puts harder and harder requests on TOF stations • Higher and higher particle rates ( now 2.3-2.8 MHz for TOF0, it was ~1 MHz at beginning) • Request for thinner and thinner scintillators (to reduce multiple scattering) • TOF stations in the fringe field of magnets: quadrupoles for TOF0 (B ~ 50-100 gauss), solenoids for TOF1/TOF2 (B~.2 T) 27/6/05 Frascati

  7. Summary of Rates (Sept04 from Tom Roberts) Values are events per millisecond of Good Target; absorbers empty, no RF. Good μ+ = TOF0 & TOF1 & Tracker1 & Tracker2 & TOF2 & TOF1(μ+) & TOF2(μ+) Major changes from before:2 in. total thickness of TOF0 and TOF1  ~20% reduction in Good μ+~50% larger target acceptance  ~10% increase in TOF0 singles, ~1% in Good μ+. 27/6/05 Frascati

  8. TOF Detector Layout • TOF X/Y planes with PMTs at both ends: • TOF0 is placed after Q6. • TOF1 is placed after Q9. • TOF2 downstream • Transverse sizes: • TOF0,1,2 are all 4848 cm. • Segmentation: • All stations are 2 planes arranged orthogonal to each other. • TOF0 has 12 slabs in each plane. NO OVERLAP (to cope with higher rates) • TOF1,2 have 8 slabs per plane. NO OVERLAP • TOF0 environment: • Low field: 100-200 g; High rate: 2.5 MHz. • TOF1,2 environment: • High field: 1-2 Kg; Medium rate 0.5 MHz 27/6/05 Frascati

  9. Problems for high resolution scintillator based TOF (t < 100 ps) • pl dominated by geometrical dimensions (L/Npe) • scint  50-60 ps (mainly connected with produced number of ’s fast and scintillator characteristics, such as risetime) choice BC404 • PMTdominated by PMT TTS (160 ps for R4998) • Additional problems in harsh environments: • B field (shielding?) • High incoming particle rates 27/6/05 Frascati

  10. Considerations on scintillator thickness • Shown time resolution is FWHM vs scintillator thickness L • Green/red lines from BC408; blue line is BC404 (faster) • Data from MEG tests at BTF Actual choice : 60 ps Thin solution: 100 ps if all goes right (perfect detector calibration, ...) I will retain thick solution (1” slabs) 27/6/05 Frascati

  11. Some simulation studies: TOF0 TRD Size 480x480 27/6/05 Frascati

  12. TOF0 X/Y singles projection With 4 cm width slabs max counter rate seems < 400-500 KHz. R4998 maybe OK with booster or active divider circuit (studies under way) 27/6/05 Frascati

  13. Transit Time for Upstream Tof Planes • Transit time between Tof0 and Tof1 • Quad fields are currently ignored • Pions and muons can be distinguished 27/6/05 Frascati

  14. Downstream PID (from Rikard) (No Ckov2) good 27/6/05 Frascati

  15. Single scintillator counter layout • BC404 scintillator (compromise between cost and performances: decay time 1.8 ns, att length~ 160 cm, max emission at 408 nm well matched with R4998 max response at 420 nm) • L=480 mm to avoid particles hitting lightguides • W=40 mm to reduce rate with a sensible counter number • T=1” to have good timing resolution 27/6/05 Frascati

  16. Mechanics for TOF0 View of X/Y plane: 12 vertical counters , 12 horizontal counters 27/6/05 Frascati

  17. TOF0 support structure 27/6/05 Frascati

  18. Considerations for TOF0 PMT choice • Rate capability (up to some MHz) • Good timing properties (TTS) • Sustain magnetic field (we now assume <50 gauss for TOF0) 27/6/05 Frascati

  19. PMT test setup • Laser source to simulate MIP signal (about 300 p.e.) : • fast AVTECH pulser AVO-9A-C (risetime 200 ps, width 0.4-4 ns, repetition rate 1KHz-1MHz) with NDHV310APC Nichia violet laser diode(~400 nm, 60 mW) NEW!! • fast PLP-10 laser on loan from Hamamatsu Italia • Laser sync out triggers VME based acquisition (TDC + QADC) // MCA SILENA system • Home made solenoid test magnet (B up to 50 gauss, d~20 cm, L~50 cm) see later for details 27/6/05 Frascati

  20. Rate capabilities of PMTs • To have a linear signal the mean average anode current (100A for R4998 ) must not be exceeded -> damage to dynodes ... shorter PMT lifetime • This gives a theoretical rate capability of: 267 KHZ with R4998 BUT !!! Divider can be modified for R4998 (going up to 1.67 MHZ) with booster or active divider 27/6/05 Frascati

  21. Solenoid test magnet (Bup to 50 gauss) Test solenoid, PMT inside Laser diode Avtech pulser 27/6/05 Frascati

  22. Used laser light source (PLP 10) • Light source: Hamamatsu fast laser ( 405 nm, FWHM 60 ps, 250 mW peak power) PLP-10 • Optical system: x,y,z flexure movement to inject light into a CERAM/OPTEC multimode fiber (spread 14 ps/m) • PMT under test Laser light Signal ~ 300 p.e. to reproduce a MIP as measured with an OPHIR Laser powermeter 27/6/05 Frascati

  23. R4998 with modified divider circuit: booster for last dynodes Nominal: up to 1.5 MHz R4998 PMT rate studies 27/6/05 Frascati

  24. Gain in magnetic field for R4998 Y Z 50 gauss x 27/6/05 Frascati

  25. Timimg properties of R4998 in B field 27/6/05 Frascati

  26. Rate effects studies for R4998 • done with available R4998 with modified divider fromHamamatsu (booster on lastdynodes) • Light signal corresponds to ~ 300 p.e. 1 MHz 27/6/05 Frascati

  27. Considerations for TOF1/TOF2 PMT choice • Rate capability (up to some MHz) • Good timing properties (TTS) • Sustain magnetic field ( about 100-200 gauss for TOF0, about .2 T for TOF2) Tests at Lasa magnet test facility (end July 04, for 15 days) with Pavia MEG group to optimize choice (M.Bonesini, F.Strati INFN Milano, G.Baccaglioni,F.Broggi, G. Volpini INFN Milano –LASA, G. Cecchet, A. DeBari, R. Nardo’, R. Rossella INFN Pavia). 27/6/05 Frascati

  28. Tests done at LASA • Laser source to simulate MIP signal (about 300 p.e.) : fast PLP-10 laser on loan from Hamamatsu Italia • Laser sync out triggers VME based acquisition (TDC + QADC) • 5000 events for each data point : different PMTs (fine-mesh vs mod R4998), different B-field, different inclination vs B field axis (), diff laser rate to simulate incoming particle rates 27/6/05 Frascati

  29. Test magnet at LASA (Bup to 1.2T) PMT under test • B field up to 1.2 T • Free space 12 cm in height 27/6/05 Frascati

  30. Fine Mesh Photomultiplier Tubes • Secondary electrons accelerated parallel to the B-field. • Gain with no field: 5 x 10 5– 10 7 • With B=1.0 Tesla: 2 x 104 - 2.5 x 10 5 • Prompt risetime and good TTS • Manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics 27/6/05 Frascati

  31. Gain in B field (various orientations) G(B)/G(B=0T) G(T)/G(0) B  PMT axis 2” 1.5” 1” B (T)  > critical angle 27/6/05 Frascati B(T)

  32. Pulse height resolution in B field 1” 2” 27/6/05 Frascati

  33. Rate effects (as a function of HV) • rate capability is limited by maximum anode mean current (tipically 0.1mA for a 2” R5924 PMT) • this is the ONLY relevant point, e.g. in B field if gain is lower by a factor F rate capability increases by 1/F • with very high particle rates: try to reduce mean current HV increases 27/6/05 Frascati

  34. Rate effect as function of B field B field increases 27/6/05 Frascati

  35. Timing studies 27/6/05 Frascati

  36. Time resolution 27/6/05 Frascati

  37. Calibration of the HARP TOF Wall Intrinsic time resolution of scintillators =150 ps measured with laser system and in lab tests with cosmics Accurate equalization of time response of the different slabs is achieved with two methods • Cosmic muons: • Average values of equalization constants • Calibration runs every 2-3 months, about one week • Laser: • Continuous monitoring of evolution of equalization constants • Calibration runs twice a day, few minutes during interspill time 27/6/05 Frascati M Bonesini – IEEE 2002

  38. Calibration with cosmics before… A dedicated trigger setup is installed …andafter ~220ps Time delays from reference trigger counter to the single slabs are equalized Time delays of slabs in central wall (ns) 27/6/05 Frascati M Bonesini – IEEE 2002

  39. The HARP Laser calibration system Laser Nd-YAG with passive Q-switch (dye), active/passive mode locking and 10 Hz repetition rate IR emission converted to a second harmonic (l=532 nm) by a KD*P SHG crystal Pulse: width 60 ps energy 6 mJ • Beam splitter: • To ultra-fast (30 ps rise/fall) InGaAs MSM photodiode = START • To detector slabs through custom-made optical fibre system = STOP 27/6/05 Frascati M Bonesini – IEEE 2002

  40. Comparison of laser with cosmics calibration data Shifts of calibration constants from 2001 to 2002 data taking • The two calibration methods provide similar accuracy on the equalization constants d • The shifts of equalization constants (Dd) measured with the two methods are well correlated (within 100ps) 70ps cosmics laser 27/6/05 Frascati M Bonesini – IEEE 2002

  41. Estimate of costs TOF0 PMT assembly R4998 (1600 Euro x 40) 64K Euro scintillators 10K Euro Lightguides machining/supports/… i 5K Euro Electronics mountingsi/patch panels/dividers 5K Euro HV/signal cables 3K Euro 87K Euro TOF1 (or TOF2)PMT assembly 2” fine-mesh (2500 Euro x 35) 87.5KEuro scintillators 10K Euro Lightguides machining/supports/… 5K Euro Electronics mountingsi/patch panel/dividers 5K Euro HV/signal cables 3K Euro 110.5KEuro Sist Cal Laser Fast laser + fibers bundle 60K Euro laser diagnostics, electronics 5K Euro 65KEuro Sist Cal Cosmici scintillators, support, … 10K Euro Elettronica front-end QADC,TDC 40K Euro Discriminators 10K Euro NIM electronics 5K Euro Crate VME 8K Euro DAQ modules V1718 (2) 12K Eur 75KEuro HV supply 100 channels CAEN + mainframe 35K Euro Total 483 KEuro 27/6/05 Frascati

  42. Conclusions • design for TOF stations well understood • only some points to be defined connected with choice of size of TOF1/TOF2 PMTs (1.5” vs 2”) and divider for TOF0 PMTs (booster vs active divider) • define electronics chain (TDC for high incoming rate): probable choice CAEN V1290 • define the high-demanding calibration system (mainly laser based) • test a prototype asap at LNF BTF, together with EMCAL 27/6/05 Frascati

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